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To understand a word, you have to read all the letters in it; to understand a sentence you have to read all the words in it.（）
A . 正确
B . 错误
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A system administrator wants to give full read/write/excute access to the owner and group of the /stuff directory and all subdirectories and files， but only allow read/execute for others. What command would the administrator use？（）
A . chmod -R 775 /stuff
B . chmod -h 002 /stuff
C . chmod -R 577 /stuff
D . chmod ug+rwx，o+rx /stuff
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In the following sentence, told and leave need to be read in their weak forms.-----They told us to leave.
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1.Now read the following sentences. Check True (T), False (F), or Not Mentioned (NM) in the box given below.Beth and Linda don’t have elder brothers.（ ）
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Read the passage and tick the measures mentioned in the passage about website maintenance.
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Read the following passage carefully, and fill in each blank with an appropriate word. The key to writing an effective summary is combining the material you choose to include into_____, coherent sentences and paragraphs.
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Read the sentence “The story is simple, the rhythm is slow, the characters are warm and humorous, the whole plot gives me a sense of being relaxed and healed” and pick up the best translation out of the following versions.
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3.Now read the following sentences. Check True (T), False (F), or Not Mentioned (NM) in the box given below.The two sisters see each other almost every day.（ ）
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The three components of a paragraph are the topic sentence, the supporting sentences, and _______.
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Read the following sentence: It was a picture of a boa constrictor in the act of swallowing an animal. In this sentence, which word is a gerund?
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In order to understand a sentence thoroughly we need to know the sentence's________structures and the sentence's literal and ________meaning.
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Read the passage The Pickle Jar and choose the best way to complete the sentences. The writer’s father believed that ______________.
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One way to illustrate paralanguage is to consider a sentence and with different and , to try to read the sentence to convey different meanings.
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Read each sentence and decide whether it is correct or incorrect.1. After standing on her feet for eight hours, Gina is tired.
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&8226;Read the article below about how to read annual report and the questions on the opposite page.
&8226;For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
How to read annual reports
First, turn back to the report of the certified public accountant. This third-party auditor will tell you fight off the bat if Galaxy's report conforms with "generally accepted accounting principles". Then go to the footnotes. Check to see whether earnings are up or down. The footnotes often tell the whole story.
Then turn to the letter from the chairman, Usually addressed "to our shareholders," it's up front -- and should be in more ways than one. The chairman's tone reflects the personality, the well- being of the company. In this letter, the chairman should tell you how the company fared this year. But more important, the letter should tell you why. Keep an eye out for sentences that start with "Except for..." and "Despite the..." They're clues to problems. On the positive side, a chairman's letter should give you insights into the company's future and its stance on economic or political trends that may affect it.
Now begin digging into the numbers!
One source is the balance sheet. It is a snapshot of how the company stands at a single point in time. On the top are assets -- everything the company owns. Things that can quickly be turned into cash are current assets. On the bottom are liabilities -- everything the company owes. Current liabilities are the debts due in one year, which are paid out of current assets. The difference between current assets and current liabilities is working capital, a key figure to watch from one annual report to another. If working capital shrinks, it could mean trouble, one possibility: the company may not be able to keep dividends growing rapidly. Owners' equity is the difference between total assets and liabilities. It is the presumed dollar value of what the owners or shareholders own. You want it to grow.
The second basic source of numbers is the income statement. It shows how much money Galaxy made or lost over the year. Most people look at one figure first. It's in the income statement at the bottom: earnings per share. Watch out. It can fool you. Galaxy's management could boost earnings by selling off a plant. Or by cutting the budget for research and advertising. The number you .should look at first in the income statement is net sales. Ask yourself: are sales going up at a faster rate than the last time around？ When sales increases start to slow, the company may be in trouble. Have sales gone down because the company is selling off a losing business？ If so, profits may be soaring.
Another important thing to study is the company's debt. Turn to the balance, and divide long-term liabilities by owners' equity. That's the debt-to- equity ratio. A high ratio means the company borrows a lot of money to spark its growth. That's okay -- if sales grow too, and d there's enough cash on hand to meet the payments. A company doing well on borrowed money can earn big profits for its shareholders. But if sales fall, watch out. The whole enterprise may slowly sink. Some companies can handle high ratios; others can't.
Finally, you have to compare. Is the company's debt-to-equity ratio better or worse than it used to be？ Better or worse than the industry norms？ In company-watching, comparisons are all. They tell you if management is staying on top of things.
According to the writer, the most important element of the chairman's letter is
A．the expressions used.
B．the explanations given by the chairman.
C．the performance of the company during the year.
D．the company's future described by the chairman.
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•Read the following article and the questions after the article.
•For each Question 15-20, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
"Harmonization" is a process of increasing the compatibility of accounting practices by setting limits on how much they vary. Harmonized standards are free of logical conflicts, and should improve the comparability of financial information from different countries.
Efforts to harmonize accounting standards began even before the creation of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in 1973. International accounting harmonization now is one of the most important issues facing securities regulators, stock exchanges, and those who prepare or use financial statements.
Harmonization and standardization are sometimes used interchangeably. But there is still a difference between them. Standardization normally means the imposition of a rigid and narrow set of rules, and may even apply a single standard or rule to all situations. Besides, standardization does not accommodate national differences and, therefore, is more difficult to implement internationally. Whereas harmonization is much more flexible and open. It does not take a one-size-fits-all approach, but accommodates national differences and has made a great of progress internationally in recent years. However, within accounting, these two words have almost become technical terms, and one cannot rely on the normal difference in their meanings. 'Harmonization' is a word that tends to be associated with the transnational legislation originating from the European Union while 'standardization' is a word that is often associated with the International Accounting Standard Committee.
The reasons that make national accounting standards desirable also apply internationally. Generally speaking, the reasons for harmonization are as follows: (1) It is important and necessary for investors and financial analysts to understand the financial statements of foreign companies whose shares they might wish to buy. They hope to make it quite sure that statements from different countries are reliable and comparable, or at least to be clear about the nature and magnitude of the differences. Besides, they also need confidence in the soundness of the auditing.
(2) The advantages of harmonization are very important for MNEs, because the great effort of financial accountants to prepare and consolidate financial statements would be much simplified if statements from all around the world were prepared according to the same standards. Besides, it would be much easier to prepare comparable internal information for the appraisal of the performance of subsidiaries in different countries. Further, many aspects of investment appraisal, performance evaluation, and other decision making uses of management accounting information would benefit from harmonization. Above all, the cost of capital should be reduced by reducing the risk for investors if accounting can be made more comparable and reliable.
(3) International accountancy firms can benefit from harmonization. They are in favour of harmonization because it is good for their large clients.
(4) Governments in developing countries might find it easier to understand and control the operations of MNEs if financial reporting were harmonized.
The most fundamental of obstacles to harmonization is the size of the present differences between the accounting practices of different countries. In previous Section 8.5 some main differences concerned with international accounting are discussed. Besides, there are several significant differences within the equity class, let alone between that class and the other. These differences go to the root of the reasons for the preparation of accounting information. Further, the dichotomy between shareholder/fair view pr
A．International Accounting Standard
B．International Accounting
C．International Accounting Harmonization
D．International Accounting Standard Committee
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Directions: Read the following sentences and decide whether they are correct or proper in language use. Then write Y for yes and N for no in the brackets. 11,000 MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in each well for 24 hours.
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&8226;Read the article below about British companies and their performance in the American market, and the questions on the opposite page.
&8226;For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
BRITISH COMPANIES CROSS THE ATLANTIC
Next month a large group of British business people are going to America on a venture which may generate export earnings for their companies' shareholders in years to come. A long list of sponsors will support the initiative, which will involve a &3-million media campaign and a fortnight of events and exhibitions. The ultimate goal is to persuade more Americans that British companies have something to interest them.
While there have been plenty of trade initiatives in the past, the difference this time round is that considerable thinking and planning have gone into trying to work nut just what it is that Americans look for in British products. Instead of exclusively promoting the major corporations, this time there is more emphasis on supporting the smaller, more unusual, niche businesses.
Fresh in the memories of ail those concerned is the knowledge that America has been the end of many a large and apparently successful business. For Carringtons, a retail group much respected by European customers and investors, America turned out to be a commercial disaster and the belief that they could even show some of the great American stores a retailing trick or two was hopelessly over-optimistic.
Polly Brown, another very British brand that rode high for years on good profits and huge city confidence, also found that conquering America, in commercial and retailing terms, was not as easy as it had imagined. When it positioned itself in the US as a niche, luxury brand, selling shirts that were priced at $40 in the UK for $125 in the States, the strategy seemed to work But once its management decided it should take on the middle market, this success rapidly drained away. It was a disastrous mistake and the high cost of the failed American expansion plans played a large role in its declining fortunes in the mid-nineties.
Sarah Scott, managing director of Smythson, the upmarket stationer, has had to think long and hard about what it takes to succeed in America and she takes it very seriously indeed. 'Many British firms are quite patronising about the US,' she says. 'They think that we're so much more sophisticated than the Americans. They obviously haven't noticed Ralph Lauren, an American who has been much more skilled at tapping into an idealised Englishness than any English company. Also, many companies don't bother to study the market properly and think that because something's successful in the UK, it's bound to be successful over there. You have to look at what you can bring them that they haven't already got. On the whole, American companies are brilliant at the mass, middle market and people who've tried to take them on at this level have found it very difficult.'
This time round it is just possible that changing tastes are running in Britain's favour. The enthusiasm for massive, centralised retail chains has decreased. People want things with some sort of individuality; they are fed up with the banal, middle-of-the-road taste that America does so well. They are now looking for the small, the precious, the 'real thing', and this is precisely what many of the companies participating in the initiative do best.
The main reason that the British business people are going to America is to
A．encourage American consumers to buy their products.
B．analyse how American companies attract media coverage.
C．look for financial backing from American investors and banks.
D．investigate how British and American companies could form. partnerships.
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Read the article below about a website.Are sentences 1-7 on the opposite page Right or Wro
Read the article below about a website. Are sentences 1-7 on the opposite page Right or Wrong？ If there is not enough information to answer Right or Wrong, choose Doesnt Say. For each sentence 1-7, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet. Here we Google again Google dominates the Internet-search business, such as Netscape once ruled in Web browsers and RealNetworks did in media players. Begun as a research project by two graduate students in 1998, Google today carries out more than 200 million searches a day and is estimated to have had $1 billion income last year, mainly from advertising sector. It is the most visited search site, accounting for 35% of search-engine visits — compared with 28% for Yahoo, 16% for AOL and 15% for Microsofts MSN, according to comScore Networks, a market-research company. But that masks its true influence. Googles technology is used to power searches on other sites, such as Yahoo and AOL (though Yahoo plans to use its own technology soon). Taking this into account makes Google responsible for around 80% of all Internet searches. The company is now preparing for a stock market flotation in the next few months. Googles power makes it just the sort of company that Microsoft typically tries to squash. At the World Economic Forum in Davos last week, Mr Gates admitted that Googles search technology was "way better" than Microsofts, and identified Internet search as a key focus for his company.
Google, Netscape and RealNetworks all play a very important role in their own field.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Doesn"t Say
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Please look at the (字母表) and read after me.
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&8226;Read the article below about business and customers and the questions on the opposite page.
&8226;For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
Focus on Your Customer
If you think of the most successful companies around the world -- GM, Wal-Mart, IBM, etc. -- they all have one thing in common: loyal customers. It can cost ten to twenty times as much to acquire a customer as to retain one, so it's easy to understand why customer relationship management is such a hot concept. But, while everyone understands CRM is a good thing, putting a CRM strategy together isn't easy. The place to start？ A customer-driven business model.
A customer-driven business model is the most prudent method of ensuring customer loyalty because it fosters a better relationship with new and existing customers. Others such as market, price, cost or e-commerce-driven business models may generate profits, but fall short of sustaining a loyal customer base. At the heart of customer-driven business model is a clear understanding of the customer -- not just customer trends (although this is useful information, too), but the buying habits and history of every one of your customers. This 360-degree view provides analytics from multiple channels (direct, web, fax, E-mail, call center, sales/marketing) and consolidates into a common repository. Monitoring buying habits and tracking market dynamics lets you more effectively market new and existing products and services.
If you think this is a daunting task, you aren't alone. Because most enterprises don't have a consolidated view of their customers, obtaining customer profit and cost information is often a Herculean effort.
Implementing a CRM solution is usually a huge project with a high probability of failure. Some analysts suggest most businesses underestimate the cost of a CRM Implementation by 40～75 percent. In fact, a successful CRM will interface with ERP systems to provide integration with all customer interactions such as order processing, billing. Also, CRM strategies must include commitment and sponsorship from senior management, as it should be deemed a strategic investment that is implemented incrementally and evolutionary.
Understanding critical success factors, such as those listed in the "Key to CRM Success" sidebar, mitigates the risks. First, start with a cultural change that focuses on a customer-centric business strategy. Make sure your organization is well aware of the high cost of customer attrition and is focused on improving retention, increasing loyalty. Understanding and broadcasting the cost of acquiring new customers versus fostering existing relationships.
Second, focus on an enterprise view of the customer that encompasses all customer data, such as communication history, purchasing behaviors, channel preferences, demographics, etc. Understand your customers' preferred channels and determine if there's some way to optimize them.
Adopt a flexible architecture that will expand with your business -- this is true with any IT project. Never deploy a strategic, costly solution using the big-bang approach. Always take an incremental, evolutionary, or iterative approach. The impact to your organization can be significant, thus, proceed slowly and ensure the returns on investment measures are in place.
The first paragraph indicates that loyal customers
A．help reduce costs of the company.
B．are quite common around the world.
C．produce huge profits.
D．are costly to develop.
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&8226;Read the article below about service production and the questions on the opposite page.
&8226;For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.
The importance of satisfaction and morale
Broadly speaking, job satisfaction is the degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs. If people enjoy their work, they are relatively satisfied; if they do not enjoy their work, they are relatively dissatisfied. In turn, satisfied employees are likely to have high morale -- the overall attitude that employees have toward their workplace. Morale reflects the degree to which they perceive that their needs are being met by their jobs. It is determined by a variety of factors, including job satisfaction and satisfaction with such things as pay benefits, coworkers, and promotion opportunities.
(8) Some large firms, for example, have instituted companywide programs designed specifically to address employees' needs. Employees at SAS institute, a large software development company in North Carolina, enjoy private offices, a free health clinic, two on-site day-care centers, flexible work hours with 35-hour work weeks, a company-subsidized cafeteria, and year-end bonuses and profit sharing. Managers at Hyatt Hotels report that conducting frequent surveys of employee attitudes, soliciting employee input, and -- most important -- acting on that input give their company an edge in recruiting and retaining productive workers. (9) For example, First Tennessee, a midsize regional bank, believes that work and family are so closely related that family considerations should enter into job design. Thus, it offers such benefits as on-site child care.
When workers are satisfied and morale is high, the organization benefits in many ways. Compared with dissatisfied workers, for example; satisfied employees are more committed and loyal. (10) In addition, they tend to have fewer grievances and engage in fewer negative behaviors (complaining, deliberately slowing their work pace, and so forth) than dissatisfied counterparts. Finally, satisfied workers tend not only to come to work every day but also to remain with the organization. By promoting satisfaction and morale, then, management is working to ensure more efficient operations.
Conversely, the costs of dissatisfaction and poor morale are high. Dissatisfied workers are far more likely to be absent for minor illnesses, personal reasons; or a general disinclination to go to work. (11) High levels of turnover have many negative consequences, including the disruption of production schedules, high retraining costs and decreased productivity.
(12) The results of one recent study shows that companies with the highest levels of satisfaction and morale significantly outperformed the 300 largest US companies over both 5 and 10 years. Of course, many other factors contributed to the performance of both sets of companies, but these differences nevertheless can not be ignored.
A Low morale may also result in high turnover -- the ratio of newly hired to currently employed workers.
B In turn, satisfied employees are likely to have high morale -- the overall attitude that employees have toward their workplace.
C In fact, evidence suggests that job satisfaction and employee morale may directly affect a company's performance.
D Such employees are more likely to work hard and to make useful contributions to the organization.
E Managers of smaller businesses realize that the personal touch can reap big benefits in employee morale and even devotion.
F Companies can involve employee morale and job satisfaction in a variety of ways.
G In
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The sentence “ Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma
A．H yperbole
B．Metaphor
C．R hetorical question
D．Simile
此题为多项选择题。
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•Read the text below about a European rail service and the questions below the passage.
•For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer sheet for the answer you choose.
Success of New Rail Links in Europe
The Eurostar company is now running frequent train services using the tunnel built beneath the sea between Britain and France. Millions of passengers have already travelled on Eurostar trains and there are now twenty services a day between London and Paris and nine between London and Brussels.
Eurostar has already won 40% of all passengers from the UK to Paris and Brussels but further growth will depend on the business market. The early morning departure to Paris is proving popular, especially for business people from London who need to do a full day's work in the French capital.
However. exactly how many of Eurostar's passengers are business travellers is unknown. While first-class accommodation has been 70% fill, many of these passengers are travelling on holiday: one travel agent estimates Eurostar has only 20% of the business travel market. Meanwhile, tour operators report a sharp rise in the sale of short trips to Paris. which, they claim, is largely due to the possibility of travelling by Eurostar.
As Eurostar increases the frequency of daily journeys over the next year. it will need more business travellers than ever to fill its trains. However, business travel agents feel that some aspects of Eurostar service could be improved. According to one large business travel agent. "Eurostar's marketing has been poor and it needs to look more closely at doing commercial deals with large travel agents and corporations to become more attractive than airlines". British travel agents alone are now spending over ￡1 million a month with Eurostar. Naturally, they are expecting Eurostar to provide some good deals and flexible tickets.
Eurostar is hoping to attract more customers as it expands its network of services. Already, train journeys between London and Paris stop at a few towns and cities enroute. There will also be daytime and overnight services front eighteen other British cities to Paris and Brussels, and planning is in progress for services from London to cities in Holland and Germany. Soon, many major towns and cities in Britain and other European countries will have regular direct connections within Eurostar's network.
The demand for Eurostar is forcing airlines to use smaller planes on the London-Paris and London-Brussels service, two of the busiest air routes in the world. One British airline reports a 15% decline in ticket sales to both Paris and Brussels. The crucial marketing aspect in business travel is frequency, Rather than cut frequency, airlines have reduced the size of their aircraft to prevent further losses. However, the large airlines will find it easier to maintain their flight schedules by introducing lower capacity planes. Eurostar threatens mainly the smaller airlines, which already have fewer services and smaller planes.
Which of the following statements is not true about Eurostar company？
A．Passengers can travel on its trains through the tunnel.
B．It offers frequent train services front London to Paris.
C．There are many passengers traveling on Eurostar.
D．It offers a variety of services on the train every day.
