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In the fifties last century many new cities（）in the desert
A . bring up
B . make up
C . grew up
D . build u
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In the eighteenth century the heading of “natural philosophy” encompassed all of the sciences.
A . category
B . teachings
C . ideology
D . leaders
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As the 17th-century English literature was represented by the genre of poetry, the 18th-century English literature was mainly an age of _______.
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From the seventh century BC to the 16th century AD, about ______ dynasties built parts of the Great Wall.
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In the ______ century it was introduced into West Asia, and by the ______ century it had spread to other parts of the world.
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1. Chinese cookery has developed and matured over the centuries, forming a rich cultural content.
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The English Renaissance is dating from the late ____ to the early century?
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The Great Wall has become a symbol of ___________ for the Chinese people over the centuries.
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Through more than 2,000 years from the seventh century BC to the 16th century AD, ______ dynasties built parts of the Great Wall.
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The holiday has had many influences from many cultures over the centuries ， such as from the Roman's Pomona Day, from the Celtic festival of Samhain, to the Christian holidays of All Saints and All Souls Days.
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The English Renaissance is dating from the late ____ to the early century?
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The 18th century is also called \the Age of _____\.
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6. The CEO quoted a writer from the twentieth century.
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The realist novelists of the 18 th century include__
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Engels said Milton was the father of the Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th Century.
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1.
Chinese cookery has developed and matured over the centuries, forming a rich
cultural content.
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The last half of the nineteenth century ＿the steady improvement in the means of travel.
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听力原文：By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American languag
听力原文： By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861- 1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox -- a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The common sense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
Which of the following led to the growth of ice trade according to the passage？
A．The growth of the American population.
B．The expansion of cities.
C．The change of the diet of ordinary citizens.
D．The increasing need for food.
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The _______ century was the golden age of the English novel.
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Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of (1)_____ oil is over. What we all do next will determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_____.
Demand is soaring like (3)_____ before. As populations grow and economies (4)_____, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle. that (5)_____ increasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that in 20 years the world will (6)_____ 40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the world's oil and gas fields are (7)_____. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (8)_____, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets (9)_____ supplies, the result is more (10)_____ for the same resources.
We can wait until a crisis forces us to do something. (11)_____ we can (12)_____ to working together, and start by asking the (13)_____ questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations？ What role will renewables and (14)_____ energies play？ What is the best way to protect our environment？ How do we accelerate our conservation efforts？ (15)_____ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_____ to the next 50 years.
At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the (17)_____ on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution as (18)_____ as they are part of the problem. We (19)_____ scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_____ the next era of energy.
A．fossil
B．eternal
C．easy
D．formidable
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The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth's surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those【1】by models that take into account: the combined influences of human factors and solar variability.
To【2】the question of attribution requires the【3】of more powerful and complex methods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on【4】maps or patterns of temperature change in【5】and in models. Pattern analysis is the cli-matologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned【6】, and makes it possible to achieve more definitive【7】of observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes.
The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform. warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole【8】cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful【9】technique.
The basic idea【10】pattern-based approaches is that different【11】causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to 【12】a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change【13】by models and those actually observed.
The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible【14】on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are【15】the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric【16】of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere.
Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the【17】of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the【18】of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the【19】of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climatic effects of these particles began only recently and the overall【20】is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.
(1)
A．incensed
B．personify
C．interact
D．predicted
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American poetry of the eighteenth century has an imitative character, imitating the reigning English models of the eighteen century. （)
是
否
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What point does the author make about monarchs in the twentieth century'？
A．Monarchs did not allow the people to vote in democratic elections
B．Monarchs did not have real power but were symbols of national unity
C．The monarch in most countries was a king rather than a queen
D．Monarchs were responsible for starting many popular revolutions
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Why crime has risen so much further and faster in Britain than in any other rich country over the past half-century is anybody's guess, maybe it's the result of near-American levels of relative poverty and family breakdown combined with a European reluctance to bang up quite such a large proportion of the population as America does. Anyway, the long-term causes are of less immediate interest to the government than a short-term solution. Popular concern about crime is rising: 23% of people rated it as one of the most important issues for the government at the beginning of this year; 34% do now.
An official report concluding that the criminal justice system is failing has added to the government's problems. The Audit Commission, the government's watchdog, says that the police too often charge suspects with the wrong offences, use inaccurate computerized information and face serious inefficiencies in the forensic science (the use of scientific methods by the police) service. Court delays alone are costing taxpayers￡80m ($120m) a year. The result is that few criminals are brought to justice and even fewer convicted. Only 6% of the more than 5m offences recorded by the police last year resulted in a conviction. Hardly surprising, then, that more than half the public believes that the criminal justice system is ineffective.
The main purpose of the White Paper published last year is to address concerns that the procedures of the court are weighted too heavily against the prosecution. It includes many sensible and uncontroversial proposals. It asks for more support for witnesses, many of whom are frightened of testifying. A survey of one London court found that, of 140 witnesses called in a two-week period, only 19 actually turned up.
Making juries more representative must also make sense. Getting off jury service is too easy. In some London courts, two-thirds of those called for jury service fail to turn up. As a result, juries are often composed of housewives, the unemployed and the retired. The White Paper recommends a check on professionals' getting off service, who can excuse themselves by saying their work is too important, and proposes penalties for those who fail to comply.
Other proposed reforms will be more controversial. At present, no defendant can be tried for the same offence twice even if compelling new evidence emerges. The government's plan to scrap that law will be resisted by civil liberties campaigners, as will the proposal that previous convictions should be disclosed in open court if they are relevant to the case being heard.
Whether or not such proposals make it into law, the White Paper did not do much to address public concerns. The reason why 94% of crimes do not result in a conviction is that three-quarters of them are not cleared up, and so nobody is charged. That is the fault of the police, not the courts; and that is the part of the criminal justice system that the government needs to focus on if it is to make a difference.
[A] use insufficient computerized information.
[B] the work of the police, not that of the courts.
[C] a short-term solution rather than the long-term causes.
[D] the mistaken offences.
[E] most of those called for jury duty are absent.
[F] to address public concerns.
[G] who are afraid of appearing in court.
According to the text, the government would pay more attention to ______
