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What is the phenomenon called where different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds？（）
A . OSNR
B . dispersion
C . light skew
D . attenuatio
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What is the phenomenon called where different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds?（）
A . OSNR
B . dispersion
C . light skew
D . attenuatio
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请根据下列材料写一篇150词左右的英文短文。 On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack the sense of gratitude. What is your opinion about this phenomenon?
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开关现象（on-off phenomenon）
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Tullio’s phenomenon
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反跳痛（rebound tenderness）
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The representation of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.
A . implementation
B . manifestation
C . demonstration
D . expedition
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Tullio’phenomenon
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The school made a decision to adopt a different approach_________ the phenomenon of playing cell phones in class.
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Many women are taking the initiative and invite men out, and many men say they view this new phenomenon with ________.
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It can be inferred from physical phenomenon that
A．the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful
B．the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate
C．electromagnetic field may affect health
D．only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body
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Bullwhip effect refers to a phenomenon that demand variations that exist at the customer end of the supply chain are magnified as orders are generated back through the supply chain. （ ）
对
错
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The Pygmalion effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people, the worse they perform. T F None None
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Most of the pioneers of low-temperature physics expected gases to liquefy, but none of them predicted superconductivity. This phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Onnes while he was studying frozen mercury.
More than 40 years passed before physicists were able to offer an explanation for superconductivity. The accepted theory, developed in the 1950s, holds that the fundamental behavior. of electrons changes at very low temperatures because of the effects of quantum mechanics. Electrons are tiny particles that make up the outer part of an atom, circling rapidly around the nucleus of the atom. In a regular conductor—a metal that conducts an electric current—the outermost electrons are not bound tightly to the atoms, and so they move around relatively freely. The flow of these electrons is an electric current.
At normal temperatures, a conductor's electrons cannot move completely freely through the metal because they are "bumped around" by the metal's atoms. But according to the leading theory of superconductivity, when a metal is very cold, electrons form. pairs. Then, like couples maneuvering on a crowded dance floor but never colliding, the paired electrons are able to move unimpeded through the metal. In pairing up, it seems, the electrons are able to "blend together" and move in unison without resistance. This explanation seems to account for superconductivity at extremely low temperatures, but in 1986 scientists in Switzerland found that some metal-containing ceramics are superconductors at much higher temperatures. By 1992, scientists had developed ceramics that become superconducting at - 297'F, and some researchers speculated that room-temperature superconductors may be possible. Scientists are still trying to formulate a theory for high-temperature superconductivity.
The new ceramic materials can be maintained at their superconducting temperatures, with relatively inexpensive liquid nitrogen rather than the much colder and much more costly liquid helium required by metal superconductors. The cost difference could make superconductivity practical for many new technologies. For example, magnetically levitated trains, which require superconducting electromagnets, would be much cheaper to build than they are now. Superconducting devices might also be used for advanced power transmission lines and in new types of compact, ultrafast computers. But for the time being, superconductivity is finding application mostly in scientific research and in some kinds of medical imaging devices.
The flow of an electric current in a regular conductor is made possible by the fact that______.
A．electrons circle rapidly around the atom
B．the outermost electron move relatively freely around the atom
C．the innermost electrons stick to the atom
D．the outermost electrons are bound tightly to the inner ones
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According to the passage, the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the Grand Canyon was ______.
A．a series of volcanic eruptions
B．the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado Plateau
C．a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado River
D．the Earth's internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region
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The phenomenon that words sharing the same meaning is called______.
A．hyponymy
B．synonymy
C．polysemy
D．homonymy
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Human language call cope with any subject whatever,and it does not matter how far away the topic of conversation is in time and space．Wbich design feature of language does this phenomenon refer to？
A. Productivity．
B. Cultural transmission．
C. Displacement．
D. Arbitrariness．
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Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still______ unable to understand what they read.
A．are
B．to be
C．being
D．have been
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During recent years we have heard much about "race": how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the【51】phenomenon of race consists of few surface indications.
We judge race usually from the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But【52】you were to remove the skin you could not tell anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to【53】a difference.
There are four types of blood. All types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the【54】No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will【55】in size, but this occurs within every race.【56】does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain ever examined belonged to a person of weak【57】. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had【58】brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably【59】show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.【60】equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.
(51)
A．complete
B．full
C．total
D．whole
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A future of temporary networks would seem to run counter to the wave of mergers sweeping the global economy. The headlines of the business press tell the story, "Compaq buys Digital"; "WorldCom buys MC1"; "Citibank merges with Travelers"; "Daimler-Benz acquires Chrysler" Yet when we look beneath the surface of all merger and acquisition activity, we see signs of a counter-phenomenon: the disintegration of the large corporation.
Twenty-five years ago, one in five US workers was employed by a Fortune 500 company. Today, the ratio has dropped to less than one in 10. Large companies are far less vertically integrated than they were in the past and rely more and more on outside suppliers to produce components and provide services. While big companies control ever larger flows of cash, they are exerting less and less direct control over actual business activity. They are, you might say, growing hollow.
Even within large corporations, decisions are increasingly being pushed to lower levels. Workers are rewarded not for efficiently carrying out orders but for figuring out what needs to be done and doing it. Many large industrial companies have broken themselves up into numerous independent units that transact business with one another almost as if they were separate companies.
What underlies this trend？ The answers lie in the basic economics of organizations. Business organizations are, in essence, mechanisms for co-ordination. They exist to guide the flow of work, materials, ideas and money, and the form. they take is strongly affected by the co-ordination technologies available. When it is cheaper to conduct transactions internally, within the bounds of a corporation, organizations grow larger, but when it is cheaper to conduct them externally, with independent entities in the open market, organizations stay small or shrink.
The co-ordination technologies of the industrial era—the train and the telegraph, the car and the telephone, the mainframe. computer and the fax machine—made internal transactions not only possible but advantageous. Companies were able to manage large organizations centrally, which provided them with economies of scale in manufacturing, marketing, distribution and other activities. It made economic sense to control many different functions and businesses directly and to hire the legions of administrators and supervisors needed to manage them. Big was good.
But with the introduction of powerful personal computers and broad electronic networks— the coordination technologies of the 21st century—the economic equation changes. Because information can be shared instantly and inexpensively among many people in many locations, the value of centralized decision-making and bureaucracy decreases. Individuals can manage themselves, co-ordinating their efforts through electronic links with other independent parties. Small becomes good.
In one sense, the new co-ordination technologies enable us to return to the pre-industrial organizational model of small, autonomous businesses. But there is one crucial difference: electronic networks enable these microbusinesses to tap into the global reservoirs of information, expertise and financing that used to be available only to large companies. The small companies enjoy many of the benefits of the big without sacrificing the leanness, flexibility and creativity of the small.
In the future, as communications technologies advance and networks become more efficient, the shift to e-lancing promises to accelerate. Should this happen, the dominant business organization of the future may not be a stable, permanent corporation but rather an elastic network that might sometimes exist for no more than a day or two. We will enter the age of the temporary company.
Why does the author say "the big companies are growing hollow" ？
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Once the 12 Girls Band became popular, similar groups predictably starting popping up. Musicat and Beautiful Youth 18 were formed last year. Both feature now-familiar formulas of attractive young women playing different instruments in songs that combine modern music with classic Chinese tunes. Yet they add to the mix by throwing in song, dance and even acrobatics. In an interview, noted music critic Jin Zhaojun said the girl band phenomenon was not new to China, as similar acts appeared in the 1980s.
However, the undying role is that to be successful, bands have to have a novel look. "The 12 Girls Band was the first group to give big live shows and show creativity in how they present their performances. The Beijing Red Poppy Ladies Percussion group, formed in 1999, has made a name for itself because they are the only band that exclusively plays drums and percussion instruments. Bands that don't have ' a thing' are sure to die fast", Jin said.
How many members are involved in the band？
A．8.
B．10.
C．12.
D．14.
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Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Phenomenon of Empty Nest. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
“空巢老人”指那些到了退休年龄，身边却无子女与之共同生活的老人。
1．如今的空巢老人逐渐增多
2．这种现象出现的原因
3．如何解决由此带来的问题
The Phenomenon of Empty Nest
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Why are researchers seriously coneel33ed with the phenomenon of colony—collapse disorder？
A．Because honeybees produce one—third 0f the foods we eat
B．Because honeybees feed on flowers．
C．Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers．
D．Both B and C．
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[1] Humor is a phenomenon which is influenced by culture. It can be difficult to determine what aspects define a certain sense of humor. A nation’s wit is linked to the historical development of the country. How funny somebody finds a certain incident depends on many factors including age, personal experience, level of education and geographical location. Therefore humor is something which is not always transferable in another country.
[2] What somebody from one area may find hilarious may not be amusing at all to somebody from another location. Whether or not someone gets a joke is determined by their interpretation, filtered by the cultural context.
[3] What about when both countries speak the same mother tongue？ Does that mean that they will then share the same sense of humor, or can differences still occur？ Let’s take the example of Britain and America. Not only do Americans and Brits spell the word “humor” differently, most claim that American humor and British humor are quite different in nature. Time and time again, people say that Brits and Americans don’t “get” each other’s sense of humor. To what extent is this true, if at all？
[4] There’s a received wisdom in the U.K. that Americans don’t get irony. It is often believed to be one of the most common differences between the British and American sense of humor. This is of course not true. One of the major differences seems to be how often both countries use irony. Brits use irony on a daily basis. We use it as liberally as prepositions in every day speech. We tease our friends. We use sarcasm as a shield and a weapon. We avoid sincerity until it’s absolutely necessary. We mercilessly take the piss out of people we like or dislike basically. And ourselves. This is very important. Our brashness and swagger is laden with equal portions of self-deprecation. This is our license to hand it out.
[5] But it is not the foundation of American humor. I think Americans understand British irony (most of the time anyway!); what they don’t understand is the need to use it so frequently. When Americans use irony they tend to state that they were “only kidding”. They feel the need to make a joke more obvious than Brits do, maybe this stems from a fear of offending people.
[6] The American sense of humor is generally more slapstick than that in Britain. I think this arises from a cultural difference between the two. Their jokes are more obvious and forward, a bit like Americans themselves. British jokes, on the other hand, tend to be more subtle but with a dark or sarcastic undertone. There is usually a hidden meaning. This may stem from the fact that British culture is more reserved than American culture.
[7] Americans say, “Have a nice day” whether they mean it or not. Brits are terrified to say this. We tell ourselves it’s because we don’t want to sound insincere, but I think it might be for the opposite reason. We don’t want to celebrate anything too soon. Failure and disappointment lurk around every corner. This is due to our upbringing. Americans are brought up to believe they can be the next president of the United States. Brits are told, “It won’t happen for you.”
[8] Yet certain American comedies have gained huge success in Britain and vice versa. Therefore, although there are differences between both comic styles, there is still an appreciation and understanding of the other sense of humor. Both the British and American versions of the comedy The Office are hugely successfully on both sides of the Atlantic. Both shows have their own cultural differences, yet they portray a lifestyle. which both Americans and Brits alike can relate to. Although both nations have subtle differences in their wit, they can appreciate the other’s sense of humor.
46、According to this passage, all of the following factors influence how funny a person finds a certain incident except __________.
A.age
B.gender
C.personal experience
D.level of education
47、What is the main idea of the third paragraph？()
A.In this paragraph, the question whether Brits and Americans share the same sense of humor or not is put forward.
B.In this paragraph, the author emphasizes that Brits and Americans don’t understand each other’s sense of humor.
C.In this paragraph, the author emphasizes that American humor and British humor are quite different in nature.
D.In this paragraph, the question that to what extent American humor is different from British humor is put forward.
48、What is the topic sentence of the fourth paragraph？()
A.The first sentence.
B.The fourth sentence.
C.The fifth sentence.
D.The second sentence.
49、According to the fourth paragraph, the difference between American humor and British humor lies in the use of ___________.
A.joke
B.sarcasm
C.irony
D.metaphor
50、Why are British jokes more subtle than American jokes？()
A.Because Brits are more straightforward.
B.Because Brits are more slapstick.
C.Because Brits are more open.
D.Because British culture is more reserved than American culture.
