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A phoneme is the smallest distinctive sound unit, incapable of change in different phonetic environments.（）
A . 正确
B . 错误
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Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
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The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.
A . 正确
B . 错误
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( ) is a distinctive verse form adopted by Edmund Spenser in his works incluiding his masterpiece The Faerie Queene. It has 9-line stanzas, rhyming in ababbcbcc.
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As a distinctive way, ( ) are adopted by the neo-classicist playwrights in the 18th-century English literature.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. Each word can be used only once.distinct respond confine advocate involveHe suggested a small but ______ improvement on our former plan; I really appreciate it.
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Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership and ( ) in real property (land as distinct from personal or movable possessions) and in personal property, within the common law legal system.
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St. Christopher Wren designed the distinctive dome in 1710.
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The most important word in the sentence is the focus word.
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英国诗人 Coleridge 曾说过： Prose is words in the best order; poetry is the best words in the best order.
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According to the author, what does “a distinct and most poetic sense in the mind” refer to?
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Is the focus word the most important word in the sentence？
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The word "persevere" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A．reproduce
B．fail
C．expand
D．continue
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The word "endured" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A．vanished
B．developed
C．varied
D．survived
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The chief claim to distinction of Shoreditch lies in the fact that the first theaters of London were built there in the seventeenth century.
The Shoreditch Theater was the first real theater to be built in England and was erected within the precincts of Holywell Priory, where the players were outside the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor, for stage plays were forbidden. Companies of players, however, were springing up all over the country, generally under the protection of some nobleman. Amongst these were the Earl of Leicester's Servants, with James Burbage as their manager. Burbage borrowed - 600 from his father-in-law and built the Shoreditch Theater, a round wooden structure, which was afterwards carefully pulled down by his son Richard and re-erected in Southward as the Globe. Richard was the original creator of most of Shakespeare' s great characters, including Hamlet and appeared to have been one of the greatest actors on the English stage. The site of the Shoreditch Theater has recently been determined by a careful survey and is found to have been partly on the site of a furniture factory at the comer of Curtain Road.
The Curtain was a rival theater and was so named from the fact that it had a curtain which shut off the stage from the auditorium. This theater had associations with Burbage and Green players from the town of Stratford-on-Avon, and later with the son of a Stratford butcher, who was a boy at school when the theater was built. His name was William Shakespeare. He came to London as a young man and was employed at the Curtain in minor parts, but his chief work was adapting plays, from which he proceeded to write them.
Not far away was another theater, the Fortune, aptly-named, for it was owned by Alleyn who made his money from it.
The Shoreditch Theater was built in the shape of ______.
A．an oblong
B．a square
C．a circle
D．a triangle
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Which of the following statements best summarizes a distinction mentioned in the passage between public-sector employment and those of private-sector employment'？
A．Private-sector work involves a lesser degree of immigrant competition than public-sector work.
B．A growing educational level has assisted African Americans find work in the private-sector more than it has done so in the public-sector.
C．Immigrant population gains have benefited workers in the public-sector more than they have workers in the private-sector.
D．Private-sector work often requires less in the way of educational credentials than public-sector work.
E．The private-sector tends to contain stronger ethnic networks than the public sector.
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In Bejing Opera, ___________________ are distinctive and peculiar which show the personality of the roles through different colors.
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"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," "war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation."...
Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups...
Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol, Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group's norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.
Slogans are so pervasive in today's society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style. of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.
The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Mom used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form; and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.
Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.
"Sloganeering" stems f
A．in the United States
B．in the Ireland
C．on the European continent
D．frequently in revolutionary rhetoric
此题为多项选择题。
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题目描述：There are 10 incomplete sentencesin this part. You should fill in each blank with the proper form. of the word given in the brackets. Write the word in the corresponding spaceon the AnswerSheet.
In the early 1900s, sandwich becamepopular with the_______(introduce) of sliced bread.
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The future of business lies not in selling products but in selling dreams and emotions, according to Rolf Jensen, director of the Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies. In his new book, The Dream Society, he profiles six distinct "emotional markets".
The Market for Adventures offers customers safaris, theme parks, sports, and action/ adventure TV shows and movies.
Nike's ties to the "Adventure" market made it willing to pay a reported ＄400 million simply for the right to sponsor Brazil's outstanding national soccer team, thereby boosting the brand's image as the footwear of champions. Such an investment makes sense in a market where consumers find many products with comparable features and quality and must find some reason to choose one over the others.
The Market for Love, Friendship, and Togetherness has such offerings as perfume, gifts, home photography, restaurants, and entertainment.
Tapping the "Togetherness" market, Guinness Brewery has teamed with an Irish firm to establish a chain for "authentic" Irish pubs in cities around the world--where Irish charm and British beer sell briskly in each other's company.
The Market for Care recently offered a product that captured children's desire to nurture and care for pets. The Tamagotchi is a demanding little electronic puppy that beeps for attention from its owner. Real pets are becoming hotel amenities in some places.
The Who-Am-I Market offers products that proclaim their owner's identity, like fashion, automobiles, and accessories.
Louis Vuitton suitcases, for instance, tell a story that their owners want to tell the world: "I am an exciting person, gliding with perfect ease through pos}t hotels all over the world, and I do it in style. ' Other consumers may want their purchases to proclaim their environmental awareness, so they may buy "bird friendly" coffee, grown only in shaded areas so endangered birds may be preserved. Eco-Sustainable Shady coffee and Caribou Coffee's Rainforest Blend are among several such offerings.
The Peace of Mind Market features nostalgia, history, and antiques.
In rapidly changing times, many people seek the serenity of the familiar, be it the bistros of Paris or small-town life in the US. For instance, First National Bank in Brookings, South Dakota, proclaims, "We strive to maintain the small-town banking atmosphere while growing and changing with the technological age. "
The Conviction Market, last of the six markets, includes "green" products, humane testing, and worker welfare.
While many companies may be reluctant to become overly political, they can highlight their involvement in the community and market to their customers' need to make purchase that are in line with their convictions. Among companies taking this approach are British Petroleum, which uses its Web site to report on the company's Community Development Programme, and Mobil, which accentuates its concern for local populations of countries in which it does business.
Jenson believes that companies will increasingly let consumers in on the story-telling process. Companies will come to value storytellers not only in their creative advertising departments, but in executive positions, where refashioning a company's history and traditions into an appealing myth will be crucial for winning the enthusiasm of employees, the affection of customers, and the respect of the general public. As the stories get better, sales should soar.
What may be Roll Jensen's main purpose of classifying these six distinct markets？
A．To classify different companies into corresponding market.
B．To invite businesses to consider how to best profit from them.
C．To set some models for companies in the market.
D．To predict trends in the market.
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Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States—we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent". In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.
As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is "no exit" when it comes to children. "Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed."
While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children' welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizenry (公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph？
A．America is now the only developed country without the policy.
B．It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
C．It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.
D．Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.
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The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.
In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example) may be a specialty goods in the United States.
People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores be fore making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.
Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same, include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer, is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all.
Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.
Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about. Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping.
A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if ______.
A．it is used at home to do paper work
B．it is used by a writer to type a novel
C．it becomes the only means to an end
D．a writer does not want to use it
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Which of the letter “p” in the following words has a different pronunciation from others？
A.splash
B.spread
C.scope
D.Spade
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one way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria, depression, _______ and acceptance.
A、admiration
B、adjustment
C、criticism
D、shock
