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（）is the study of second and foreign language teaching and learning.
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When talking to people within your company don’t speak your language， you may have to use English.（）
A . who
B . which
C . whose
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As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the（） donor.
A . general
B . popular
C . universal
D . commo
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We must make a difference between（）language and（）language.
A . spoken；written
B . speaking；written
C . speaking；writing
D . speak；write
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How does Wordsworth think about the relationship between Poetic language and Prose language?
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Russell is good at expressing abstract thoughts through the plainest common language.
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You could establish _______ with your audience through verbal language and body language.
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When the author asked Spender what he thought was the most beautiful line in the English language, Spender wrote the line of T. S. Eliot.
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Ethics refers to fundamental questions of right and wrong in thought and behavior.
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Horror and doubt ___ his troubled thoughts.
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Confucianism is a comprehensive system of thought and behavior encompassing religion, philosophy,_____ , and political science.
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Language and culture always go hand in hand and cannot be separated.
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The fact that speakers of different languages think differently proves that language shapes thoughts.
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Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
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听力原文：The need to learn a new language may excite one person and frighten another.
According to the speaker, the need to learn a new language is
A．exciting.
B．frightening.
C．necessary.
D．debatable.
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A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect.
此题为判断题(对，错)。
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______is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither.
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All we know about the origin of language is that men, unlike animals, ______ invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other.
A．somehow
B．somewhat
C．anyhow
D．anyway
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Language and Communication
A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.
Let's look at this(51)in more detail because it is language, more than anything else,(52)distinguishes man from the rest of the physical world.
Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by(53)of cries: for example, many birds utter(54)calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter(55)cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure.(56)these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language. For instance, animals' cries do not(57)thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that(58)us to divide a human utterance into(59).
We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it with(60): a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., "tanks approaching from the north",(61)who can change one word and say "aircraft approaching from the north" or "tanks approaching from the west"; but a bird has a single alarm cry,(62)means "danger!"
This is why the number of signals that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case(63)point; it has about twenty different calls,(64)in human language the number of possible utterances is limitless. It also explains why animal cries are very(65)in meaning.
A．classification
B．definition
C．function
D．perception
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a language lesson plan usually has the following components: background information, teaching aims, language contents and skills, stages and procedures, teaching aids, assignments and _________.
：A. teachers’ after-lesson reflection
B. students’ after-lesson reflection
C. teachers’ after-lesson feedback
D. students’ after-lesson feedback
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How man first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that man, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to stand for those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then lies in their association with the things they bring up before our minds. Words became filled with meanings for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increase.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words that appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them exactly, or they will make our speech silly and impolite.
The origin of language is ______.
A．clearly explained in this passage
B．a matter that can not be or has not been explained or understood
C．a question that was difficult to answer
D．a problem already solved
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Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged？ Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hop hag to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, ill the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the in fact, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech tins started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows iris language differs from that of his parents in style. rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear". And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out on- ly the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
The purpose of the Frederick Ⅱ's experiment was ______.
A．to prove that children are bom with the ability to speak
B．to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
C．to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D．to prove that a child would be damaged without learning a language
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Among the following characters, the one who inherited and developed Confucius thought is（）
A．Mencius
B．Mozi
C．Han Fei
D．Zhuangzi
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Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form. of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form. of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally.. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.
Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, ,Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form. of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
11. Which of the following best summarize this passage？ ()
A.When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication
B. Everybody uses only one form. of communication.
C. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners
D. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest
12. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage？ ()
A.There are many forms of communication in existence today
B. Verbalization is the most common form. of communication
C. The deaf and mute do not need sign language for communication
D. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by language
13. Which form. other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people？()
A.Picture sign
B. Braille
C. Body language
D. Signal flags
14. How many different forms of communication are mentioned here？()
A.2-4
B.5-7
C.8-10
D. over 10
15. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally as it doesn ’ t represent ().
A.Spellings
B. whole words
C. ideas
D. feelings
