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The most important features in the growth of American economy in the early 20th cenruty were（）
A . the use of steam and electricity as chief energy,the development of lare corporation and the development of railway
B . the development of large corporation,urbanization and the employment in production of new technology
C . the appearance of airplane,the use of electricity on a large scale and urbanization
D . the rapid development of industry,railway and large citie
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The name of Wars of the Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist （）
A . Charles Dickens
B . George Elliot
C . Sir Walter Scott
D . Charlotte Bronte
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Which of the following statements is NOT considered a characteristic of farming in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?（）
A . Use of artificial fertilizer.
B . Introduction of new agricultural machinery.
C . The'Open-field'system.
D . A system of crop rotation.
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In the 20th century, many novelists also wrote excellent poems.
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Many of the current international problems we are now facing _____.
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The Chinese Moon Festival is on the 15th of the 8th lunar month, exactly in the middle of the spring season.
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The development of the world’s e_______ will bring about many new problems.
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In the 18th-century English literature, satire was much adopted by many writers. Among them, ______ is no doubt the greatest.
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Romanticism began in the western Europe in the mid 18th century in the work of artists, poets and philosophers.
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Many of the English writers in the 18th century were Enlighteners. They fell into two groups: _______.
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The author of the report is well ______ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.
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In the 19th century, the education system in America was deeply＿against people of color. Many black students were blocked from having advanced education.
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How many problems are listed in the passage?
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In the 18th century, the Enlightenment showed a great shift in colonial American literature from religious foundation to scientific reasoning. Works by Philip Freneau, Tomas Paine and Benjamin Franklin explore many of these new ideas.
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The major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century is（）
A．romanticism
B．realism
C．sentimentalism
D．naturalism
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How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems？ This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship.
Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930's when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market- related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.
As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate--that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.
Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage？ ______
A．What causes labor market pathologies that result in suffering.
B．Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.
C．Which of the currently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidence of hardship that is due to unemployment.
D．How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by tow wages and insufficient employment opportunities.
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The author of the report is well ______ with the problem in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.
A．acquainted B．informed
C．enlightened D．acknowledged
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Aspirin may be the most familiar drug in the world — but its power to heal goes far beyond the usual aches and pains. Exciting new studies suggest that aspirin can help fight a wide range of serious illnesses. "It now seems to be a benefit in so many areas of health," says Dr Debra Judelson, medical director of the Women's Heart Institute in Beverly Hills, California. "I advise most of my patients, as long as they aren't allergic to aspirin and don't have bleeding problems, to take low-dose aspirin."
Some of the major illnesses and conditions that aspirin or aspirin-like drugs might help prevent are. Alzheimer's disease, diabetes-related heart disease, heart attack, cancer and antibiotic-induced hearing loss.
The passage mainly discusses the effects of
A．health.
B．aspirin.
C．hearing loss.
D．heart attack.
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One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.
A fall asleep again .
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours
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The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however, hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country.
British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names.
In fact, over fifty percent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belong to this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means "the son of Simon", as might be expected.
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognizable after a little thought: Arther, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of others are more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialization in medieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are "Day", (Old English for breadmaker) and "Walker" (a fuller whose job was to clean and thicken newly, made cloth).
All these vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it is true, like "Long", "Short" or "Little", are simple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking: their meanings are slightly different from the modern ones. "Black" and. "White" implied dark and fair respectively. "Sharp" meant genuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever.
Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive with relatively little change from old-English times are "Mil ton" (middle enclosure) and "Hilton" (enclosure on a hill).
Surnames are said to be ______ in Anglo-Saxon England.
A．common
B．vocational
C．unusual
D．descriptive
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The amazing success of humans as a【1】is the result of the evolutionary development of our brains which has led, among other things, to tool-using, tool-making, the【2】to solve problems by logical reasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways in which chimpanzees biologically【3】humans【4】in structure of their brains. The chimpanzee, with the capacity for【5】reasoning,【6】a type of intelligence more like that of humans than【7】any other mammal living today. The brain of the modern chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar【8】the brain that so many millions of years ago【9】the behavior. of the first ape man.
For a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made【10】was considered to be one of the major【11】distinguishing them from other creatures.【12】pointed out earlier, I have watched chimpanzees【13】grass stems in order to use them to probe for termites. It is true that the chimpanzee does not【14】tools to "a regular and set pattern" —but then,【15】people, before their development of stone tools, undoubtedly poked around【16】sticks, and straws, at which stage it seems【17】that they made tools to a set pattern either.
It is because of the close【18】in most people's minds of tools with humans【19】special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool: but it is important to realize that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature【20】
(1)
A．species
B．specie
C．speciman
D．specimen
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Every director needs an assistant that he can _____ to take care of problems that many occur in his absence.
A．A.count on
B．B.count up
C．C.count down
D．D.count out
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§ [C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
A．- Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security．
B．- To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports． C
D．
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When was the first case of AIDS in the world discovered in the 20th Century（）
A．1960s
B．1970s
C．Early 1980s
D．Late 1980s
E．1990s
