Knowledge（）human beings into civilization.

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• Many people believe that viruses cannot possibly be of importance in human cancer because_________．

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• Since the early 1980s, scientists have revealed some 40 human genes involved in cancer. These genes are essential for normal growth, but can be subverted to cause a tumor.

  Dr. Jorge Yunis of the University of Minnesota Medical School in Minneapolis has found that 70 percent of oncogenes, or cancer-causing genes, are located near inherited weak points on chromosomes(染色体). Varying from individual to individual, vulnerable to chemical carcinogens(致癌剂), X rays and other cancer-inducing agents. "If a chromosome snaps apart in the immediate vicinity of an oncogene," says Yunis, "normal genetic control mechanisms could break down and the stage would be set for the formation of cancer." Younis has shown that such a sequence occurs at the beginning of numerous leukemias (白血病), lymphomas(淋巴瘤) and some tumors of the lung, colon(结肠) and breast. Yunis and other investigators have found that petroleum-based products--notably pesticides and insecticides-damage specific sites on at least two of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes that carry genetic information. Similarly, tobacco smoke tends to attack a part of another chromosome. From paragraph 1, we know that some 40 genes involving in cancer are ______. () A．harmful to the human body B．necessary to the human body C．the elements that form. cancer D．useless to the human body

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• Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For not many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights(了解). It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants. But from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probab-ly not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.

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• 7、引起听觉的声音，不仅在频率上有一定范围，而且在声强上也有一定范围。对于任意在人耳听觉范围内的频率（20Hz— 2000Hz）来说，声强还必须达到某一数值才能引起人耳听觉。 The sound which can be perceived by human hearing has a certain range not only in frequency but also in sound intensity. In the range of human hearing（20Hz-2000Hz) , the sound intensity must reach a certain value before any frequency can cause human hearing.

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