A firm in the market environment characterized by monopolistic competition will most likely:

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• Under a floating exchange regime, the government and central bank never intervenes in the currency market.

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• In developing a new product, we need to do detailed market analysis of all ideas first, and test those ideas in the market.

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• When all the assets of a firm are designed to generate sales of a specific product in one country, the profits of the firm are normally unstable.

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• The most active investment banking firm in the private placement market is _________

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• Which of the following is the largest borrower in the money markets? A、commercial banks B、large corporations C、the U.S. Treasury D、U.S. firms engaged in foreign trade

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• We _________ cut the price by 10% if you gave us a firm order in advance.

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• Marketing services agencies are the marketing research firms, advertising agencies, media firms, and marketing consulting firms that help the company target and promote its products to the right marke

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• 2. To differentiate a product in the market, a company needs to _______.

  A、promote its unique selling proposition B、emphasize its brand C、work on its actual and augmented benefits D、improve its quality

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• Apart from borrowing from hanks, a firm or an individual can obtain funds in a financial market in two ways. The most common method is to issue a (61) , such as a bond or a mortgage, which is a (62) by the borrower to pay the holder of it at (63) until a specified date, when a final payment is made. The (64) of it is the time of expiration date. The second method of raising funds is by issuing (65) , such as common stock, which are claims to share in the net income and the assets of a business.

  (46) A．debt instrument B．letter of credit C．letter of guarantee D．certificate of deposit

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• Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and service that took place in eighteenth century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferations of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children's toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers？ What were their motives？ And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries？

  An answer to the flint of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far clown the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth century. English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumptions stimulated by competition for status. The "middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form. of self-gratification？ If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries？ McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it？ What for example does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills？ It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of re cent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world. In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to _______. A．contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth century England B．indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to eighteenth century English history C．give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in eighteenth century England D．support the contention that key questions about eighteenth century consumerism remain to be answered

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• Bosses now prefer to be paid in share options. The average chief executive of one of America's top 200 firms would take home just over $750,000 in gold. In fact, in 1998 he made a pre-tax profit of $8.3 m by exercising executive share options, which give the right to buy a fixed number of his company's shares at a fixed price in what is now a rising market. At the end of last year, he also had total unrealized profits on stock options of nearly $50m.

  But put to one side questions of justice and inequality. Force down the thought that the chief executive's enormous share options may demoralize the deputy chief executive and make the company harder to manage. Ignore the bleating bondholder, who sees his risk rise as companies borrow to buy back shares to give to executives. The fundamental question is whether share-option schemes are doing what they were designed to do: aligning the interests of managers with those of owners, motivating bosses to do their level best by shareholders.

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• Dumping is the sale of a product in a foreign market______.

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• The handshake in Russia is much more firm, almost a bone-crusher.（）

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• When market participants expect the spot price of a commodity to be higher in the future, the commodity market is most likely said to be in:

  A、contango. B、Full carry C、backwardation

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• What can we do to have a free trip to a country in the market（）

  A．Give money to the ICF B．Take part in a lucky draw C．Buy wooden beads from Africa D．Taste different foods in the market

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• If market interest rates have changed materially since a firm issued a bond, and the firm uses the effective interest rate method, how is a change in the market value of the firms debt most likely to

  A、The gain or loss in market value must be calculated and disclosed in the footnotes to the financial statements. B、Net income and equity are unaffected,but the change may be discussed in managements commentary. C、Net income is unaffected,but the change in market value is recorded in other comprehensive income.

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• In the long run, all firms in a perfectly competitive industry will operate at the po

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• A marketing firm has been assigned the task of watching trends in personal income, savings, and interest rates. The marketing firm is most likely gathering information about consumers’__（）

  A．social network usage rates B．economic situations C．occupational needs D．purchasing perceptions

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• The fierce __________in the global market reduced their profit to a large degree.

  A．competitor B．competition

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• After a company has successfully entered a new market, the primary rule dictating its expansion in the I new market is risk while optimizing opportunity. （)

  A、minimizing B、to minimize C、minimize

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