Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.
Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origin and development of nineteenth century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherent's energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simonian's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
The author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the US as "solitary" to be
A.insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference.
B.overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848.
C.insufficiently concerned with the social conditions out of which feminism developed.
D.insufficiently familiar with the international origins of 19th-century American feminist thought.
时间:2023-10-10 09:58:13
相似题目
-
Higher education in the United States consists of()types of institutions.
A . four
B . five
C . six
D . seve
-
Between 1845 and 1854,about 1.5 million Irishmen emigrated to United States because of()
A、famine
B、English oppression
C、war
D、Both A & B
-
The President of the United States is elected()
A、 indirectly by the electors
B、 by Congress
C、directly by the voters
D、None of the above.
-
()the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.
A . Before
B . At
C . In
D . Betwee
-
Stations in the United States of America are grouped by states arranged in the alphabetical order of their().
A . countries
B . states
C . names
D . grou
-
The consequence of the three neutrality acts of the United States was()
A . to make the United States gain time to arm itself
B . to actually help the aggressors by making clear that the United States would not intervene
C . to get the United States involved in the war
D . to prevent the United States form being dragged into the war
-
()so many people in the United States been out of work as today.
A、More than ever before
B、In the past, there have never
C、Never before have
D、Formerly, there never were
-
The capital city of the United States is ________.
-
Toni Morrison’s depiction of the black in the United States is prejudiced.
-
The basic principles of the United States Constitution contains:
A、Separation of Powers.
B、Checks and Balances.
C、Individual Rights.
D、Federalism.
-
What is one of the purposes of pets in the United States?
-
听力原文:In spite of stories of prosperity in the United States, not only does poverty exi
听力原文: In spite of stories of prosperity in the United States, not only does poverty exist there, but crimes of various types have been increasing at an alarming rate.
Most types of serious crime increased from 363.5 in every 100,000 people in 2003 to 535.5 in 2004. In that one year, there was one murder committed every 24 minutes, one case of robbery in every 10 minutes and one case of rape in every 7 minutes. The cases of murder involved 21,456 victims. Most acts of violence were committed by young people. 57% of the criminals arrested in 2004 were youths below 25 years of age.
Everyone agrees that crime is partly a result of bad material conditions, poverty, lack of education, living without a settled home, being parentless, sufferings due to other kinds of misfortunes, etc.
There are also other factors than material conditions which are responsible for the sharp increase of the crime rate. In the first place, some states have made laws approving the death penalty but some have not. Secondly, the constitution allows every citizen to carry weapons for his own protection. It is therefore possible aid easy for anyone in the country to get a gun. Finally, there has been too much violence shown on TV and too much violence reported in newspapers of all kinds. The details of the crimes are so accurately described that even children know how to repeat what they have seen or read. All these have resulted in a higher frequency of crimes committed both by professional criminals and by nonprofessional ones such as murder, drug smuggling, robbery, pocket-picking, etc.
(33)
A.The United States is faced with many social problems.
B.Various factors are responsible for the crimes in the United States.
C.New trends have been discovered in the crimes in the United States.
D.The crime rate in the United States is on the rise.
-
In the United States, the Senate is presided over by______of the United States.
A.the president
B.the vice president
C.the speaker
D.the Secretary of State
-
Making appointment ahead of time is extremely important in the United States.()
是
否
-
Which of the following is most likely to be true of United States trade laws?
A.They will eliminate the practice of ''dumping" products in the United States.
B.They will enable manufacturers in the United States to compete more profitably outside the United States.
C.They will affect United States trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.
D.The help to one subsidiary is by no means the help to other units in terms of a parent company.
此题为多项选择题。
-
The President of the United States is head of the branch of
A.legislative.
B.executive.
C.judicial.
D.party.
-
The United States______a population of over 200 millions.
A.have had
B.is having
C.have
D.has
-
The national bird of the United States is______.
A.sparrow
B.swallow
C.eagle
D.swan
-
In Asia, the United States tried to contain the People’s Republic of China as well. The United States did not formally recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC) for 30 years after its founding.()
此题为判断题(对,错)。
-
听力原文:In the United States, from 10 to 15 percent of all children between the ages of 5 and 17 have one or more learning disabilities. Early diagnosis and treatment are important because specialized teaching techniques can help many of these students overcome their disability and succeed in school.
(54)
-
The United States is the world's No. 1 emitter of greenhouse gases.
A.Y
B.N
C.NG
-
Which of the following is NOT true of the United States?
A.It has been a leader in the global economy.
B.It's hard for the United States to keep the original economic position forever.
C.The United States owns others a lot of money.
D.Its economy will grow more than any other country in the world over next two years.
此题为多项选择题。
-
The constitution of the United States__()
A.gives by far the most power to Congress
B.gives by far the most power to the president
C.tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others
D.It was drafted by the king
-
Data shows that United States college students purchase more e-books than German college students. Assuming that all students have identical preferences for e-books and textbooks, what is the likely e
A.Taxes on textbooks are higher in the United States than taxes on textbooks in Germany
B.Taxes on textbooks are lower in the United States than taxes on textbooks in Germany
C.The price of textbooks is cheaper in the United States than textbooks in Germany
D.Both A and C