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4 Complete the words.► h u m a n human1 p r d c t b l e ____2 d i s e a r ____3 f m n e ____4 h r m f l ____5 a t m o e r e ____6 e n v r o m n t ____7 p l l t n ____8 l q u d ____9 d s s e ____10 c l m t ____
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A lion _____attack a human being when it is hungry.(will , won’t)
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In the sentence “history denotes the whole of the human past”, which of the following has the closest meaning with the word “denotes”?
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Orwell was popular throughout his schooldays.
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The American foreign policy throughout World War II was neutrality.
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To be an excellent film producer, one doesn’t need to learn the humanities.
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The first stanza of the poem “Animals in that country” expresses the idea that in a country with long history and culture, animals acquire human personalities.
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The British Museum in London is a museum of human history,culture and natural science.
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—I don’t think history is more useful than physics. —I disagree. In my opinion, history is ______ physics.
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Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false.1.Oxford is special because of its beauty, history, and first-class education.
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Hitler sought to annihilateresistance movements throughout Europe.
A.exterminate
B.exceed
C.exclude
D.expel
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History and politics offer complementary ap______ to major aspects of both past and present human activity.
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Hitler sought to annihilate resistance movements throughout Europe.
A.exterminate
B.exceed
C.exclude
D.expel
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Biodiversity doesn’t contribute to the maintenance of the biosphere in a condition which supports human and other life.
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In bulk erosion, degradation occurs throughout the whole material equally.
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听力原文:Not until somewhat recently (that is, in terms of human history) did people find
听力原文: Not until somewhat recently (that is, in terms of human history) did people find a need for knowing the time of day. As best we know, 5000 to 6000 years ago great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa initiated clock-making. With their bureaucracies and formal religions, these cultures found a need to organize their time more efficiently.
The Egyptians were the next to formally divide their day into parts something like our hours. Obelisks (slender, tapering, four-sided monuments) were built as early as 3500 B. C. Their moving shadows formed a kind of sundial, enabling citizens to partition the day into two parts by indicating noon. They also showed the year's longest and shortest days when the shadow at noon was the shortest or longest of the year. Later, markers added around the base of the monument would indicate further time subdivisions.
Another Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, possibly the first portable timepiece, came into use around 1500 B.C. to measure the passage of "hours". This device divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. When the long stem with 5 variably spaced marks was oriented east and west in the morning, an elevated crossbar on the east end cast a moving shadow over the marks. At noon, the device was turned in the opposite direction to measure the afternoon "hours".
In the quest for more year-round accuracy, sundials evolved from flat horizontal or vertical plates to more elaborate forms. One version was the hemispherical dial, a bowl shaped depression cut into a block of stone, carrying a central vertical gnomon (pointer) and scribed with sets of hour lines for different seasons. The hemicycle, said to have been invented about 300 B. C. , removed the useless half of the hemisphere to give an appearance of a half bowl cut into the edge of a squared block.
(33)
A.4000 - 5000.
B.50 - 60,000.
C.500 - 600.
D.5000 - 6000.
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In real life, American people are also inspired by those stories of famous entrepreneurs throughout history. Which of the heroes is not a representative of American entrepreneurship?
A.Thomas Edison
B.Benjamin Franklin
C.George Washington
D.Steve Jobs
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Many plant cells remain totipotent throughout development.
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The day before my history exam, I still hadn’t ________ reading the first book on the list.
A) as about
B) caught up with
C) got round to
D) sat for
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The rate of population growth is fastest in underdeveloped countries. In these countries a high birthrate is accompanied by a lowered death rate thanks to improved standards of public health. Ideally it should be possible to counter balance the effect of a reduced death rate by all increased use of family planning. In practice, however, population control is a complex matter. Throughout history people have determined the size of their families according to the cultural values of their societies.
Population control has long been a subject of discussion among researchers. Some have argued that the supply of good land is limited. In order to feed a large population, bad land must be cultivated and the good land overworked. As a result, each person produces less in a given amount of time and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other researchers have argued that a large population gives more scope for the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. Similarly, it can be argued that the public costs of society will not be so heavy to each individual if they are shared among the members of a large population.
One of the difficulties in implementing birth control lies in the fact that the official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country. In underdeveloped countries where a large population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate. In a well-developed society the problem may be more complex. A declining birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a shrinking market. Cities with a declining population may have to face the prospect of a shrinking tax base and a fall in land values. If there are fewer children going to school, teachers may be thrown out of work. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
The writer suggests that policy makers should consider cultural values ______.
A.in carrying out family planning
B.in producing birth control drugs
C.in improving public health standards
D.in introducing birth control techniques
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Is it possible that the ideas we have today about ownership and property rights have been so universal in the human mind that it is truly as if they had sprung from the mind of God? By no means. The idea of owning and property emerged in the mists of unrecorded history. The ancient Jews, for one, had a very different outlook on property and ownership, viewing it as something much more temporary and' tentative than we do.
The ideas we have in America about the private ownership of productive property as a natural and universal right of mankind, perhaps of divine origin, are by no means universal and must be viewed as an invention of man rather than an order of God. Of course, we are completely trained to accept the idea of ownership of the earth and its products, raw and transformed. It seems not at all strange; in fact, it is quite difficult to imagine a society without such arrangements. If someone, some individuals, didn't own that plot of land, that house, that factory, that machine, that tower of wheat, how would we function? What would the rules be? Whom would we buy from and how would we sell?
It is important to acknowledge a significant difference between achieving ownership simply by taking or claiming property and owning what we tend to call the "fruit of labor." If I, alone or together with my family, work on the land and raise crops, or if I make something useful out of natural material, it seems reasonable and fair to claim that the crops or the objects belong to me or my family, are my property, at least in the sense that I have first claim on them. Hardly anyone would dispute that. In fact, some of the early radical workingmen's movements made (an ownership) claim on those very grounds. As industrial organization became more complex, however, such issues became vastly more intricate. It must be clear that in modem society the social heritage of knowledge and technology and the social organization of manufacture and exchange account for far more of the productivity of industry and the value of what is produced than can be accounted for by the labor of any number of individuals. Hardly any person can now point and say, "That--that right there--is the fruit of my labor." We can say, as a society, as a nation--as a world, really--that what is produced is the fruit of our labor, the product of the whole society as a collectivity.
We have to recognize that the right of private individual ownership of property is man-made and constantly dependent on the extent to which those without property believe that the owner can make his claim, dependent on the extent to which those without stick.
According to the passage, the concept of ownership probably ______.
A.resulted from the concept of property right
B.stemmed from the uncovered prehistoric ages
C.arose from the generous blessing of the Creator
D.originated from the undetected Middle Ages
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Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the languages of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original (最初的) language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the language of 4,500 yeas ago.
Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. Some even die out completely. About 1, 000 years ago English was a little-known relative of German spoken on one of the borders of Europe.
If a language has a large number of speakers or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by millions of speakers. Their differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China cannot understand speakers from other parts.
The first paragraph mainly tells us that ______.
A.most people in the world speak Chinese
B.there are thousands of languages in the world today
C.man has much knowledge about languages
D.some people know several languages
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Historians have reacted very warmly__ psychologists’ recent discoveries. They agree that these discoveries have helped us to look at human history____ a new light()
A.against, with
B.against, in
C.to, with
D.to, in
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Man has always wanted to fly.Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem.One of these,for example,was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci(达·芬奇).In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly.But they were never built.Throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly.An example was a man in England 800 years ago.He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers.Then he fixed them to his body and jumped into the air from a tall building.He did not fly very far.Instead,he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body.
The first real steps took place in France, in 1783.Two brothers, the Montgolfiers, made a very large “hot air balloon”.They knew that hot air rises.Why not fill a balloon with it?The balloon was made of cloth and paper.In September of that year,the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon.They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky.The passengers were a sheep and a chicken.We do not know how they felt about the trip.But we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely.Two months later,two men did the same thing.They rose above Paris in a balloon of the same kind.Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they travelled about eight kilometers.
26.Leonardo da Vinci ______ .
A.said that man would fly in the sky one day
B.built a kind of machine which never flew
C.drew many beautiful pictures of birds
D.made designs for flying machine
27.Eight hundred years ago an Englishman ______ .
A.made a kind of flying machine
B.tried to fly with wings made of chicken feather
C.wanted to build a kind of balloon
D.tried to fly on a large bird
28.In fact,the Englishman who tried to fly ______ .
A.lost his life
B.flew only 8minutes
C.got badly wounded
D.succeeded in flying
29.The very first air passengers in the balloon were ______.
A.two animals
B.two Frenchmen
C.the King and the Queen
D.the Montgolfiers
30.When did two Frenchmen rise above Paris?______
A.In December 1783.
B.In September 1783.
C.In November 1783.
D.In the seventeenth century.