菌落（colony）

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• 1868年英国成立的“海外及殖民地政府信托基金”(TheForeignand   Colonial  Government   Trust)被大多数人看作是最早的基金。（）

  A . 正确 B . 错误

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• （）the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.

  A . Before B . At C . In D . Betwee

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• It is 1666 in the Bay Colony, and an uneasy truce exists between local and their neighbours, the . Hester Prynne arrives here overseas from England.

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• Which of the following country is not once a colony of the British Empire?

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• Australia was built from an overseas penal colony of the British Empire.

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• Alan Paton was a black clergyman, who opposed colonialism and apartheid.

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• The Peach Colony ( 《桃花源记》 ) is written by Tao Yuanming ( 陶渊明 ), a poet during the Western Jin Dynasty.

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• The colonial period of American literature stretches roughly from ____________ to____________.

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• The first writings in colonial period only served God.

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• In the 18th century, the Enlightenment showed a great shift in colonial American literature from religious foundation to scientific reasoning. Works by Philip Freneau, Tomas Paine and Benjamin Franklin explore many of these new ideas.

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• In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the province of the

  botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century, however, the Peale family of Philadelphia established the still life, a pictureconsisting mainly of inanimate (5) objects, as a valuable part of the artist's repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored, small in size, and representing little more than what they are. In contrast were the highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and (10)well past mid-century. John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania still-life tradition that arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales' pieces on a larger scale, kits greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also (15)indebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the fruit and nuts to our sense of taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always (20)compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance. About 1848, Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, lush still lifes of flowers, fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with Fruit and Champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail, (25)compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings ...... butterflies or fallen buds suggest the impermanence of life, a bird's nest with eggs means fertility, and so on. Above all, Roesen's art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its citizens. What does the passage mainly discuss？ A．The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam Peale B．How Philadelphia became a center for art in the nineteenth century C．Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in the United States D．How botanical art inspired the first still-life paintings

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• In 844, Charles Stun, a British soldier and colonial administrator, made an expedition ______ a supposed inland sea; his party penetrated more than ,000 miles northward, almost to the center of Australia.

  A．in quest of B．with regard to C．in favor of D．by way of

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• What are the possible causes of colony-collapse disorder given by the scientists？

  A．Worsening environment. B．Disease and chemicals. C．Dwindling number of flowers around. D．Changes in genes' structures.

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• how many british colonies were there in australia until 1900？

  A. 4 B. 6 C. 7 D. 5

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• Some species of birds are highly sociable and nest in dense colonies.

  A．hardly B．seasonably C．extremely D．chiefly

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• For a long time, the United States was a British colony.（)

  此题为判断题(对，错)。

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• The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with ______physical survival and beyond that, its own economic prosperity.

  A．sheer B．thoroughly C．utterly D．simply

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• Why are researchers seriously coneel33ed with the phenomenon of colony—collapse disorder？

  A．Because honeybees produce one—third 0f the foods we eat B．Because honeybees feed on flowers． C．Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers． D．Both B and C．

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• Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America.

  A:正确; B:错误

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• Early settlers came to the North American continent and established colonies mainly because they wanted to be free from_（）

  A．the power of kings, priests, and noblemen B．the influence of their families C．the problems of poverty and hunger D．the religious persecution

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• In 1691 a colonial postal service was outined by the British government and a number of Postmaster－Generals were appointed in the years_______ up to the American Revolution.

  A．A.led B．B.was leading C．C.lead D．D.leading

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