Theword()means\referringtoastatute,contract,rulingoranythingwhichisnullandofnoeffect\.

Theword()meansanitemoftangibleorintangiblepersonalproperty.

Theword()means\actofsendingback,reference\.

Theword()means\therighttoexcludeothersfrommaking,using,orsellinganinventionorproductsmadebyaninventedprocessthatisgrantedtoaninventorandhisorherheirsorassignsforatermofyears\.

Theword()means\theactoffailingtoperformone'sagreement,breakingone'sword,orotherwiseactivelyviolatingone'sdutytoother\.

Theword()means\toannulorcancelanact,particularlyastatement,documentorpromise,asifitnolongerexisted.\.

Theword()means\tovoluntarilyagreetoanactorproposalofanother,whichmayrangefromcontractstosexualrelations\.

Theword()means\requiredorcompelledbylaw:mandatory,obligatory\.

Theword()means\apersonwhocommitsatort(civilwrong),eitherintentionallyorthroughnegligence\.

Theword()means\theacquisitionofcontrolorpossession(asofacorporation)\.

Theword()means\receivingsomethingfromanotherwiththeintenttokeepit,andshowingthatthiswasbasedonapreviousagreement\.

Theword()means\thepartysuedinacivillawsuitorthepartychargedwithacrimeinacriminalprosecution;insometypesofcases(suchasdivorce)adefendantmaybecalledarespondent\.

Theword()means\apersonauthorizedtoactonanother’sbehalf;especiallylawyer\.

Theword()means\thestatusorattributionofbeingapermanentresidentinaparticularjurisdiction\.

Theword()means\fromFrenchfor'wrong',acivilwrongorwrongfulact,whetherintentionaloraccidental,fromwhichinjuryoccurstoanother\.

Theword()means\aperson(orabusinesslikeabankorstockbrokerage)whohasthepowerandobligationtoactforanother(oftencalledthebeneficiary)undercircumstanceswhichrequiretotaltrust,goodfaithandhonesty\.

Theword()means\theprofessionorworkofanadvocate;theactionofadvocating,pleadingfor,orsupportingacauseorproposal\.

Theword()means\thefinaldecisionbyacourtinalawsuit,criminalprosecutionorappealfromalowercourt'sjudgment\.

Theword()means\theobtainingofcontrollinginterestinacompany\.

In the second paragraph，theword“collectively”means__________．