-
The development of （） has kept pace with the increasing demands made by the steady rise in power produced by modem marine diesels.
A . water
B . fresh air
C . oils
D . gase
-
In the Northern Hemisphere，winds veering sharply to the west or northwest with increasing speed are indications that a（）.
A . cold front has passed
B . low pressure center is approaching
C . stationary front exists
D . high pressure center has passed
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Increasing the speed of a centrifugal pump will result in an increase in its capacity in its capacityAnother means of increasing the capacity pump is to increase the（）
A . diameter of the discharge piping, with all other factors remaining the same
B . diameter of the suction piping, with all other factors remaining the same
C . width of the impeller only
D . diameter of the impeller
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The manager announces with _____that the prices must be increased.
A、 pity
B、blame
C、regret
D、 sympathy
-
In the end, the woman reduces the minimum order with a slight increase in price.
-
Divorce increased significantly in the _
-
The marginal productivity of capital increases with greater capital inflows into the borrowing country.（）
-
For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
The Trouble With Television
It is difficult to escape the influence of television. If you fit the statistical averages, by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20,000 hours of television. You can add 10,000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep.
Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor&39;s degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn&39;t, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it.
The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain.
Television&39;s variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it.
Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone&39;s attention—anyone&39;s. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite simply, television operates on the appeal to the short attention span.
It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given, as inherent in the medium itself; as an imperative, as though General Sarnoff, or one of the other august pioneers of video, had bequeathed(遗留;传于) to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments&39; Concentration.
In its place that is fine. Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool？ But I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. It has become fashionable to think that, like fast food, fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving, impatient public.
In the case of news, this practice, in my view, results in inefficient communication. I question how much of television&39;s nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable. Much of it is what has been aptly described as "machine-gunning with scraps." I think the technique fights coherence. I think it tends to make things ultimately boring (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring if you know almost nothing about it.
I believe that TV&39;s appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought, that verbal precision is an anachronism. It may be old-fashioned, but I was taught that thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise.
There is a crisis of literacy in this country. One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are "functionally illiterate" and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle.
Literacy may not be an inalienable human right, but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. We are not only not attaining it as a nation, statistically speaking, but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. And, while I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause, I believe it contributes and is an influence.
Everything about this nation—the structure of the society, its forms of family organization, its economy, its place in the world— has become more complex, not less. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form. of national linkage, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form. that television has made central to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste.
When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion？ When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself wholesale to a medium for selling？
Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr., wrote: "... forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-" I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare, and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind, our language, our tolerance for effort, and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. If I am wrong, we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically, to consider how we should be residing it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.
1. In America people do sleeping and watching televisions more than anything else.
2. From the passage we know the time an average American spends on watching TV could have made the person learn to become an astronomer or engineer.
3. The trouble with TV is that it distracts people’s attention and encourages them to make no efforts toward their life.
4. TV programmers base this operation on the attraction of long-span attention of audiences.
5. According to the author the improper television operation in American society will be likely to make things eventually boring.
6. Americans will face a serious problem of illiteracy due to the negative impact of TV.
7. In American society literacy is a certain right that cannot be deprived.
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Layer n on one machine carries on a conversation with layer n on another machinE.The rules and conventions used in this conversation are collectively known as the layer n
A． topology
B．protocol
C．service
D．peer
-
The company promised that the employees'salary would be increased in with their extra time spent on work（）
A．step
B．line
C．order
D．change
-
The free surface effects of a partially-full tank in a floating ship increase with the （).
The free surface effects of a partially-full tank in a floating ship increase with the ().
A.surface area of the fluid in the tank
B.displacement volume of the ship
C.draft of the ship
D.height of the tank above the keel
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For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States’ leadership position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新) that resulted from research and development during World War II and afterwards were 36 to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of 37 society now depend, were possible because the United States then 38 the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the 39 of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.
The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) seems to be 40 related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math 41 , and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering 42 complete a major in those fields.
The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, 43 in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿) of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the 44 performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn 45 in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.
A) accelerating
B) actually
C) closely
D) contemporary
E) courses
F) critical
G) declining
H) degrees
I) especially
J) future
K) led
L) met
M) procedures
N) proportions
O) spheres
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Experts predict that China's healthcare market will have an annual growth of 6 to 8 per cent in the next few years, making it one of the potentially most prosperous. In Shanghai, annual medical expenditure is estimated to be 16 billion yuan (U.S. 93 billion). With an increasingly【B1】population, the growing consumption power and longer life【B2】of local residents, the medical market has great opportunities.
However, limited medical resources cannot meet people's needs【B3】financial deficits in State-owned hospitals.【B4】, there is room for a range of different medical organizations.
As is the case with many State-owned enterprises, public hospitals in the past half century have learned a lot of bad habits:【B5】management, over-staffing and bureaucratic operating procedures.
Being a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), China has to【B6】its promise to open the health industry to foreign capital in coming years. By then, public hospitals will be facing fierce competition from Western giants they have never prepared for.
So it's quite urgent【B7】them to learn how to operate as an enterprise and how to survive in the competitive market economy of the future.
As a【B8】, the healthcare sector was first opened to domestic private investors. Since the first private hospital opened in 1999, private investors from Shenzhen, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces have been scrambling to enter Shanghai.【B9】show that about 20 private hospitals have been set up in the city, although this number,【B10】with more than 500 public hospitals, is still quite low.
【B1】
A．aging
B．aged
C．being-aged
D．age
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In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems, and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world's rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities' efforts to perform. their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge—the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.
With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.
While higher education has become a great "growth industry", it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of the nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.
Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions' organization and functioning to conform. to the demands of research rather thorn those of teaching.
According to the author, ______ is the most important function of institutions of higher education.
A．creating new knowledge
B．providing solutions to social problems
C．making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students
D．preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge
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听力原文：Oil-rich countries like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait have spent billions of dollars developing desalination plants along with other technologies to help insure a continued flow of useable water. Even so, the demand for water in those countries continues to outpace the creation of additional water supplies. With rapidly increasing populations and industries in Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and the Palestinian territories, the threat of serious water shortages has led to increased political tensions.
Which of the countries mentioned contributed a lot to maintain the flow of usable water in the passage？
A．Saudi Arabia, Israel
B．Jordan, Syria
C．Saudi Arabia, Kuwait
D．Lebanon, the Palestinian territories
-
The researchers are concerned about increasing（)of the illness in the village.
A．A.rate
B．B.speed
C．C.frequency
D．D.happening
-
The ratio of divorces to marriages has increased since 19Therefore, there must be a greater proportion of children living with only one natural parent than there was in 19Which of the following, if true, most strongly weakens the inference drawn above？
A．The number of marriages entered into by women twentyfive to thirty-five years old has decreased since 1940.
B．When there is a divorce, children are often given the option of deciding which parent they will live with.
C．Since 1940 the average number of children in a family has remained approximately steady and has not been subject to wide fluctuations.
D．Before 1940 relatively few children whose parents had both died were adopted into single-parent families.
E．The proportion of children who must be raised by one parent because the other has died has decreased since 1940 as a result of medical advances.
-
The financial crisis resulted in the increase in the number of laid－off workers. （翻译)
-
If an increase prices increases total revenue in the short run, what will it do to total revenue in the long run？
A．Itwilldecreasetotalrevenueinthelongrun．
B．Itwillincreasetotalrevenueinthelongrun．
C．Itwillleavetotalrevenueunchangedinthelongrun．
D．Anyoftheaboveresultsarepossibleinthelongrun．
-
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.
Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.
In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator's role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash.
In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator's position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderst anding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.
Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.
(1) What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment？
A、The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation.
B、The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.
C、The man who is wealthy and impersonal.
D、The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
(2) According to the passage, international business negotiation involves.
A、short-term goals
B、long-term benefits
C、information and cash
D、persuasion and compromise
(3) In the foreign negotiators’eyes their American counterparts are.
A、impersonal suppliers of information and cash
B、skillful in negotiation
C、good at establishing relationship between negotiators
D、indirect and impatient
(4) Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage？
A、Foreign negotiators are willing to invest time in relationship between negotiators.
B、American negotiator's directness and impatience cause cross-cultural misunderstanding.
C、Americans has played a more effective role in international business negotiations.
D、Foreign negotiators think that American can afford to pay the price without bargaining
(5) What is the topic of this passage？
A、The differences between American negotiators and foreign negotiators
B、Negotiation skills
C、International business and cross-cultural communication
D、Cross-cultural understanding
-
4、翻译句子，注意斜体字的词类转换。 A continuous increase in the temperature of a gas confined in a container will lead to a continuous increase in the internal pressure within the gas.
-
In the 21st century white Americans will remain the largest share of the increase in
是
否
-
The climate on our planet（)become warmer and warmer with the increase of the warming gases.
A. makes to
B. tends to
C. resists to
D. compares to
-
气体的粘度随压力增高而增高。在低压时，气体粘度随温度升高而增加，随着压力的增加，温度升高对粘度增大的影响越来越小，当压力很高时（100×105Pa以上），气体粘度随温度升高而降低，明显表现出类似于液体的性质。Table 1-13 shows the dynamic viscosity of methane at different pressures and temperatures. It can be seen from the table that the viscosity of gas increases with the increase of pressure. At low pressure, the gas viscosity increases with the increase of temperature. With the increase of pressure, the influence of temperature increase on the inc
