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Chomsky refers to the child’s innate endowment as（）,a set of principles which are common to all languages.
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If a parent organization has been assigned a particular approval type， then which task would need to be performed to enable that approval type for a child organization？（）
A . Enable approval inheritance for the child organization
B . Enable approval inheritance for the parent organization
C . Enable that approval type for the child organization
D . Nothing， the inheritance is automatic
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If a child is deprived of linguistic environment， he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.
A . 正确
B . 错误
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Which setting change would you allow to make a child object to be moved out of a parent object?（）
A . Flex mode on.
B . Flex mode off.
C . Confined mode on.
D . Confined mode off.
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Where did he live as a child?
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Never touch or pat an adult or older child on the head in Cambodia, for this would be regarded as an insult.
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The speaker did not explain how a child manages to learn to speak so quickly.
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The music indicates the way in which Mozart was developing his ideas in 1773 as he attempted to shake off his reputation as a child prodigy and be taken seriously as a composer.
A．bedlamite
B．betrayer
C．genius
D．jailor
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It would be______ a risk to let the child go to school by himself.
A．following
B．passing
C．running
D．carrying
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A parent should do as much as he or she can so as to give his or her child__________
A．failure and success
B．fear and despair
C．a chance to succeed
D．bright eyes and glowing smile
E．whether he or she will have a chance to see a good doctor
F．whether he or she will be healthy
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The motivation that the learners have a sense of achievement as long as they learn if of vital importance may be termed ____ motivation.
A、instrumental
B、integrative
C、cognitive
D、none of them
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we regard him as a（)（shine)example for us to learn from.
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If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to devote all your efforts to it. 英译汉
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let us suppose that you are____position of_____parent.Would you allow your child to do such a thing
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Viewed from a star in some other comer of the galaxy, Earth would be a speck, a faint blue dot hidden in the blazing light of our sun. While our neighbors Venus and Mars would reflect a fairly even glow, Earth would put on a little show. Earth's light would brighten and dim as it spins, because oceans, deserts, forests and clouds—which are all too small to be seen from such a distance-reflect varying amounts of sunlight. The variations, it turns out, are so strong and distinctive that surprising amount of information could be taken from a simple ebb and flow of light. Scientists at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study conducted a detailed study of Earth's reflections as a way for human scientists to learn about distant planets that may be like our own.
(2) "If you looked at our solar system from far away, and you looked at the terrestrial planets--Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars--one of the quickest ways to see that Earth is unique is by looking at the light curve," said Ed Turner, professor of astrophysics and a co-author of the study. "Earth has by far the most complicated light curve." The standard thinking in the field had been that most of the information about an Earth-like planet would come from spectral analysis, a static reading of the relative component of different colors within the light, rather than a reading of changes over time. Spectral analysis would reveal the presence of gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and oxygen, in the planet's atmosphere, looking at the change in light over time docs not replace spectral analysis, but it could greatly increase the amount of information scientists could learn, said Turner. It may indicate, for example, the presence of weather, oceans, ice or even plant life.
"Earth would put on a little show" means: as it spins, ______.
A．Earth is a more active planet than Venus and Mars
B．Earth reflects a brighter light curve than Venus and Mars
C．Earth shows oceans, deserts, forests and clouds, while Venus and Mars don't
D．Earth reflects sunlight in an ebb-and-flow manner
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Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. Dewaal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of eucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; accept the slice of cu cumber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form. the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______
A．posing a contrast.
B．justifying an assumption.
C．making a comparison.
D．explaining a phenomenon.
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From the passage, we learn that great fear can be stimulated in a child when a story is told ______ time(s).
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The sentence "If your childs not focused and motivated, I can only imagine it would be a nightmare" means______.
A．the virtual schooling can be bad if used improperly
B．the virtual schooling becomes a real nightmare if treated wrong
C．the child should be focused and motivated so as to avoid the nightmare
D．the child fails to be focused and motivated, so he has the nightmare
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From her wheelchair, a child raises rounded arms above her head to form. a blossoming flower. Nearby, a blind boy gently waves a flowing scarf as his body sways back and forth. Welcome to Infinite Dreams, a southern California program that each year helps more than 1,000 children with disabilities learn ballet, jazz, and other forms of movement. For founder Zina Bethune, a professional dancer and actress who works with a team of six instructors, this is a deeply felt mission.
"I've walked a very fine line between the abled and disabled worlds all' my life," says Bethune, a former soloist with the New York City Ballet who starred on Broadway in Tommy Tune's production of Grand Hotel. Born and raised in New York City, Bethune, 47, started formal ballet training at age 6 with legendary choreographer George Balanchine. But during adolescence, a host of medical problems mined her chances of becoming a prima ballerina. But she ignored them and her pain and continued to dance. Faced with all sorts of difficulties, she never gave up. By the time she was 34, Bethune had went gone two hip replacements.
Bethune, who has been married for 18 years to a former dancer, started Infinite Dreams in southern California in 1983. "Dance is spiritual," she says. "And these children's spirits are not disabled." Funded through grants and private donations, the group offers hour-long weekly sessions in schools and performs at arts festivals throughout the year.
"Participation, not perfection, is emphasized," notes Bethune, who is currently trying to make her program available nationally. Adjustments to the dance steps are made as needed. Russell Bartel, 14, a star student with spina bifida and little feeling in his lower legs, pirouettes not by turning on his toes but by spinning on his back. "What we try to make clear," Bethune says, "is that their individual version of any step is valid. That's their dance."
From that understanding often springs a newfound sense of confidence. "I can do a lot more than I ever thought I could." Bartel says. "It makes me feel great."
What kind of organization is Infinite Dreams？
A．A dancing club in southern California.
B．A program to realize the art dreams for disabled children.
C．A proposal to perform. arts for disabled children.
D．A team of professional dancers and actresses.
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For American's high school seniors, April is the cruelest month. That's when colleges flood postal system with news of who has won a place in next fall's freshman class. For more than a few families, a difficult decision will follow: is it worth paying some $125,000 to give their child an education at an elite private college？ Or would her future be just as bright if she went to a less expensive school？
These questions have no easy answers. It is tree that big law firms as well as those leading American establishments—Sullivan & Cromwell—a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage. However, there is plenty of evidence to prove that an elite education is not that necessary. According to a survey by Fortune, the majority of top CEOs did not attend an elite college(though a small number did.)
So what kind of return is there likely to be on that $125,000 investment？ On average, a person with an undergraduate degree now earns almost twice as much as someone with only a high school diploma. Some researchers found that those who attend more prestigious schools reported higher earnings.
Then Alan Krueger, an economist at Princeton and Dale, a researcher designed a study. They found no economic advantage in attending a selective college. Their study looked at freshman class at 30 schools, ranging from Yale to Denison. Krueger and Dale's research while intriguing is not definitive. Even they themselves find it odd that the results seem to show that while there is a correlation between college selectivity and future income, the more a college costs, the higher the earning of its graduates.
Critics have questioned their research—the limited number and range of schools evaluated, and conclusions. Under such circumstances, it is hard to say which is right and which is wrong. What can be said is that 1) An elite education gives students—especially less rich ones—better access to certain kinds of elite jobs. 2) There is no economic advantage to choosing an expensive, but not very good private schools. 3) Talented students everywhere rise to the top. So the future is in the hands of young men themselves.
Why is April the cruelest month for American high school seniors？
A．Because April is the month when they have the college entrance examination.
B．Because April is the time when the high school will decide whether they can graduate or not.
C．Because April is the time for high school seniors to find jobs.
D．Because April is the month for colleges to inform. the students who will have the chance to have further education.
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Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior. depends on the child's individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.
There is some relationship between age and children's characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce, the impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce.
Girls' adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained？ The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents' fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.
Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because
A．they care too much about the life change.
B．the great stress of their families diminishes their ability.
C．they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change.
D．they are faced with more parents' fights than the relaxed, easygoing children.
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For sometime past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce re suits in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in normal way to "reward' the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on' a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely al though they would "smile and bubble when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______.
A．will satisfy their curiosity
B．will meet their physical needs
C．are directly related to pleasure
D．will bring them a feeling of success
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短文翻译（英译汉)As a child—and as an adult as well—Bill was untidy. It has been said th
短文翻译(英译汉)
As a child—and as an adult as well—Bill was untidy. It has been said that in order to counteract this, Mary drew up weekly clothing plans for him. On Mondays he might go to school in blue, on Tuesdays in green, on Wednesdays in brown, on Thursdays in black, and so on Weekend meal schedules might also be planned in detail.
Bill’s contemporaries, even at the age, recognized that he was exceptional. Every year, he and his friends would go to summer camp. Bill especially liked swimming and other sports. One of his summer camp friends recalled, “He was never a nerd or a goof or the kind of kid you didn’t want your team. We all knew Bill was smarter than us. Even back then, when he was nine or ten years old, he talked like an adult and could express himself in ways that none of us understood.” Bill was also well ahead of his classmates in mathematics and science. He needed to go to a school that challenged him to Lakeside—an all-boys’ school for exceptional students. It was Seattle’s most exclusive school and was noted for its rigorous academic demands.” Lakeside allowed students to pursue their own interests, to whatever extent they wished. The school prided itself on making conditions and facilities available that would enable all its students to reach their full potential. It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates.
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Nelson Mandela was born in South Atrica on July 18, 1918. His tather was a Chiet of a tribe. Mandela had strong character even from he was a child and he respected national heroes very much. As the oldest son in his family, Mandela was appointed as the successor of the tribe, but he refuseD.He said he would never dominate a tribe, which was under oppressed, with a chief identity. He determined to throw himself into the career of the national liberation.
Mandela was educated at University College of Fort Hare and University of Witwatersrand and qulified in law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944, and was sccessfully led the resistance against the apartheid policies. Nelson Mandela thus won the respect of all the blacks in South America.
In June 1961, he became the commander of the military organization of ANC . Because of his political activity, he went on trial for treason in 1956-1961 . In 1962, Mandela was arrested and stayed in prison for five years with hard labor. In 1964, he was sentenced to life imprisonment.
(Locked up in his cell during daylight hours, deprived of music, both these simple pleasures were denied him for decades. With his fllw prisoners, concerts were organized when possible, particularly at Christmas time,where they would sing. Nelson Mandela finds music very uplifting, and takes a keen interest not only in European classical music but also in African choral music and the many talents in South African musiC.Even years later, Nelson Mandela' s greatest pleasure, his most private moment, was sill watching the sun set with the music of Handel or Tchaikovsky playing.
He stayed in the prison for 27 yeas. During his years in prison, he consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom. Mandela' s reputation grew steady. He became a potent symbol ofresistance as the anti-apartheid movement.
Mandela was eventually set free on February 18, 1990. The event was broadcast live all over the worlD.On the day of his release from prison, Mandela made a speech to the nation. He said, "To be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others." In 1994, Nelson Mandela became the first black President in the history of South Africa.
The years in jail reinforced his habits that were already entrencheD.From the 1940s, he had the disciplined eating regime of an athlete, and did early morning exercise everyday. Still today Nelson Mandela is up by 4:30 am,irespective of how late he has worked the previous evening. By 5 am he has begun his exercise routine that lasts at least an hour. Breakfast is by 6:30, when the day' s newspapers are reaD.The day' s work has begun.
With a standard working day of at least 12 hours, time management is crucial and Mandela is extremely impatient with unpunctuality, regarding it as insulting to those you are dealing with.
In his life time, he won nearly one hundred awards. In 1993, he was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize, which was to commend his contribution in against racial discrimination for half a century. Nevertheless, Mandela accepted it as an accolade to all the people who have worked for peace.
56.Whom did Mandela respect in his childhood？
A.National athletes.
B.National heroes.
C.White people.
D.His parents.
57.Nelson Mandela refused to be the chief of the tribe because_____.
A.he dld not want to be like his father
B.he wanted to go to university
C.he did not want to be a leader of the tribe that was under opression
D.he wanted to become the president of South Africa
58.In Para.2, the word” apartheid" refer to the policies.
A.racial discrimination
B.immigration
C.economic
D.population growth
59.Mandela had great interest in the following music forms EXCEPT______
A.European classical music
B.African choral music.
C.American popular music
D.South American talents' music.
60.How long did Mandela stay in jail？
A.25years
B.27years
C.30 years
D.23 years.
