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（）is not within the exception of the perils of the sea.
A . Stranding on rocks during fog
B . Fire at sea
C . Rough sea beating into a ship
D . The decaying of the cargo
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There does not need to be a direct connection between the products of the sponsor and the event sponsored – for example, fast food chain KFC sponsors youth cricket in Australia.
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Which of the following is NOT the symbol of America?
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Which of the follwing food is healthy food?
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What kind of figures of speech is used in the sentence “ But no president, no Congress, no government ,can undertake this mission alone ” ?
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Eight-Treasure porridge is a special food on the day of ____.
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What is the problem with the employee of the fast food restaurant?
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Which of the follwing food is junk food?
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Loneliness is marked by a sense of isolation. Solitude, on the other hand, is a state of being alone without being lonely and can lead to self-awareness.
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The more expensive kind of food is______.
A．in bright-coloured packages
B．on high shelves
C．all near the front of the store
D．on lower shelves
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To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family—they need children to enrich the circle, to_____family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.
A．repress
B．intimidate
C．validate
D．confine
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Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with
seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period),
some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others
continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the courseof
(5) time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human
life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain
they grew and the animals they domesticated.
Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished,
fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and
(10) innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture--
that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not/nerely subsidiary,
source of food.
Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all
modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and
(15) eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their
surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even
greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased
numbers of people. Since surpluses o food could also be bartered for other commodities, the
Neolithic era witnessed ihe beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing
(20) complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep
records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.
The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and
pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic
societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was
(25) more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
A．Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture
B．the changes agriculture brought to human life
C．How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture
D．Why the first agricultural societies failed
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The doctor did not rule out the possibility of food poisoning.
A．foresee
B．accept
C．exclude
D．foretell
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During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to______bread for days.
A．eat up
B．give away
C．do without
D．deal with
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Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming to- day.
Natural foods, for example, vegetables, fruits and grains which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount—but not the quality—of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for ex- ample, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar, this is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be an additive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form. of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fibre.
It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetable. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetable, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on healthy eating.
Recently, some people are interested in natural foods because ______.
A．these foods are fresh and sweet
B．they want to change their eating habits
C．these foods do not contain chemical additives and have not been affected by chemical fertilizers
D．they don't like the processed foods
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Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who axe involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance. In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for life. Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one' s family or, by extension, preserving one' s self.
If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in-the presence of others who are NOT also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that ______.
A．always had a plentiful supply of food
B．emphasized the need to share worldly goods
C．emphasized the value of privacy
D．discouraged overindulgence
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No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world, but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.
In the United Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people: as get older, many of us will become less mobile, hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.
Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form. of a mental illness. All are affected by people's attitude towards them.
Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic？ But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and sow that it is the individual person and their ability, not their disability, which counts.
The first paragraph points out that ______.
A．there are many disabled people in the world
B．the number of disabled people in India is the greatest
C．India has much more disabled people than Canada
D．it is impossible to get an exact figure of the world' s disabled people
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Man depends on water for many things. He needs it for drinking. He needs it for growing food. He needs it for keeping himself clean and free from illness. He needs more and more water for industry. People often forget how necessary water is for industry. Imagine, for example, the immense quantities of water used by the great cooling towers of steel works. The demand for water is growing every day. It is closely connected with the increasing population and with the pressing problem of providing enough food. But the world has not yet found ways of storing enough water to satisfy all these important needs, not even in west countries like England. Great efforts are being made today to store water, particularly in hot countries where the rainfall is small.
Three-quarters of the world is covered with water. But only three percent of this water is fresh. All the rest is salt, and fills the oceans and the great inland seas. It is the salt that makes sea water useless to man. If you take the salt away the water can be used for drinking and for watering plants.
In 1962 President John Kennedy of the United States said, "When man discovers how to mm salt water into fresh water cheaply, he will have made a much more important scientific advance than when he first landed on the moon".
Human beings need water for【46】,【47】and【48】and【49】.
Main idea: The【50】
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It is astonishing how little is known about the working of the mind. But however little or much is known, it is fairly clear that the model of the logic-machine is not only wrong but mischievous. There are people who profess to believe that man can live by logic alone. If only they say, men developed their reason, looked at all situations and dilemmas logically, and proceeded to devise rational solutions, all human problems would be solved. Be reasonable. Think logically. Act rationally. This line of thought is very persuasive, not to say seductive, 1. It is astonishing, however, how frequently the people most fanatically devoted to logic and reason, to a cold review of the "facts" and a calculated construction of the truth, turn out not only to be terribly emotional in argumentation, but obstinate any "truth" is "proved"——deeply committed to emotional positions that prove reek-resistible to the most massive accumulation of unsympathetic facts and proofs.
2. If man's mind cannot be turned into a logic-machine, neither can it function properly as a great emotional sponge, to be squeezed at will. All of us have known people who gush as a general response to life——who gush in seeing a sunset, who gush in reading a book, who gush in meeting a friend. They may seem to live by emotion alone, but their constant gushing is a disguise for absence of genuine feeling, a torrent rushing to fill a vacuum. It is not uncommon to find beneath the gush a cold, analytic mind that is astonishing in its meticulousness and ruthless in its calculation.
Somewhere between machine and sponge lies the reality of the mind——a blend of reason and emotion, of actuality and imagination, of fact and feeling. 3. The entanglement is so complete, the mixture so thoroughly mixed, that it is probably impossible to achieve pure reason or pure reason or pure emotion, at least for any sustained period of time.
4. It is probably best to assume that all our reasoning is fused with our emotional commitments and beliefs, all our thoughts colored by feelings that lie deep within our psyches. Moreover, it is probably best to assume that this stream of emotion is not a poison, not even a taint, but is a positive life-source, a stream of psychic energy that animates and vitalizes our entire thought process. 5. The roots of reason are embedded in feelings——feelings that have formed and accumulated and developed over a lifetime of personality-shaping. These feelings are not for occasional using but are inescapable. To know what we think, we must know how we feel. It is feeling that shapes belief and forms opinion. It is feeling that directs the strategy of argument. It is our feelings, then, with which we must come to honorable terms.
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Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For not many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights(了解). It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants. But from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probab-ly not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years age, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varie-ties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
It is assumed in the passage that early humans ______.
A．probably had extensive knowledge of plants
B．thought there was no need to cultivate crops
C．did not enjoy the study of botany
D．placed great importance on the ownership of property
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The incident occurred during the Toronto Zoo’s 28th annual Christmas Treats Walk, where admission is free in return for donation of food that does not easily go bad.Thousands of people attend each Boxing Day to see the animals fed by their handlers.
We know from the passage that____.
A、the tiger escape lasted a whole day
B、the zoo workers planned to shoot the tiger dead
C、the tiger wasn’t kept securely enough from the public
D、the incident took place on the zoo’s anniversary day
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Genetically-modified (GM) foodstuffs are here to stay.That’s not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear, but simply that food-buying patterns will polarize: there will be a niche market for conventional foodstuffs just as there is for organic food.It may even be that GM food will become the food of preference because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use.
Currently there are some 20,000 chemicals in use, but the scientists only have detailed information around 1,000 of them.To see the advantages of GM food you have only to consider the recent press revelation that the average lettuce receives eleven pesticide applications before it reaches the supermarket shelf.I’m sure chemicals and their role in disease will become a big issue in the 21st century as the population of the developed world worries increasingly about its health.
The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep pace with the world’s predicted population growth to ten or eleven billion.It’s not just a question of more mouths to feed either.What is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space, reducing the overall land available for agriculture.
The world has 800 million hungry people.Until now, food supplies have been increased by improved varieties, pesticides and artificial fertilizers: the green revolution.Now we’re on the edge of a new one: a genetic revolution.
It may well be that in the long term it is the developing world that benefits most from GM food.It is true that for the next years or so GM crops may be too expensive.
6. According to the passage, food supplies have been increased by all the following except_____________.
A.pesticides
B.artificial fertilizers
C.improved varieties
D.transportation
7.How many chemicals are still less familiar to the scientists？()
A.20,000.
B.1,000
C.19,000
D.21,000.
8.Why will people prefer GM food in the future？()
A.Because it uses less pesticides.
B.Because it is much cheaper.
C.Because the production is increased.
D.Because it is organic food.
9.Which of the following is NOT true？()
A.By 2050, the world population will grow to ten or eleven billion.
B.In the 21st century, GM food will take the place of conventional food.
C.More and more people will reduce the overall land available for farming.
D.More and more people will consume more food and occupy more space.
10.The author’s attitude towards GM food is _______.
A.negative
B.positive
C.critical
D.uncertain
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Which is not the typical English food？
A．Roast beef.
B．French fries.
C．Beetroot salad.
D．Sandwich.
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Passage 3 （）Which of the following is NOT necessary for a young man who wants to drive alone？
A．He should pass a driving test．
B．He should get a full licenc
E．
C．He should reach the age of 17．
D．He should learn to drive in a driving school．
